Zambia
Welcome to Zambia
Prepare to be enchanted by Zambia, a country that embodies the wild heart of Africa. Here, the untamed wilderness stretches as far as the eye can see, rivers thunder over dramatic escarpments, and wildlife roams free across vast plains. From the legendary Victoria Falls to the remote bush camps of South Luangwa, Zambia is a destination that promises adventure, authenticity, and a warm welcome at every turn.
Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by eight nations and defined by its rich natural beauty and cultural diversity. With more than 30% of its land set aside for conservation, Zambia is a paradise for nature lovers and adventurers. The country is home to 20 national parks, including some of Africa’s most pristine and uncrowded wildlife reserves. Its capital, Lusaka, is a lively city where modernity and tradition coexist, while smaller cities like Livingstone and Ndola offer their own unique charms. Zambia’s history is one of resilience and unity. Once known as Northern Rhodesia under British rule, the nation gained independence in 1964 and has since become a symbol of peace and multicultural harmony. With 73 ethnic groups, Zambia’s cultural tapestry is as vibrant as its landscapes, celebrated through colorful festivals, music, and art.
1.
Unspoiled Wilderness and World-Class Safaris: Zambia is renowned for its raw, untouched landscapes and exceptional wildlife experiences. This is the birthplace of the walking safari, a unique way to immerse yourself in the bush and encounter Africa’s iconic animals up close, guided by some of the continent’s most knowledgeable rangers.
2.
The Spectacle of Victoria Falls: Known locally as “Mosi-oa-Tunya” or “The Smoke That Thunders,” Victoria Falls is one of the world’s most awe-inspiring natural wonders. Whether you’re gazing at the falls from a scenic viewpoint, swimming in the Devil’s Pool, or embarking on a thrilling white-water rafting adventure, this UNESCO World Heritage site is a must-see.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
Zambia has made it easier than ever to visit, with a streamlined visa process. Most travelers can apply for an eVisa online before arrival, and citizens of many countries are eligible for a visa on arrival. All ordinary visitors and tourists are entitled to a free 90-day visit within a 12-month period from the day of first entry. It’s important to check the latest requirements for your nationality before you travel, as regulations can change. Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date.
Best Time to Visit
Zambia’s climate is generally tropical, but its high altitude keeps temperatures pleasant year-round. The country experiences three main seasons:
- Dry Season (May to October): This is the best time for wildlife viewing, as animals congregate around rivers and waterholes. The weather is sunny, with cool mornings and evenings—ideal for safaris and exploring Victoria Falls when the water flow is still impressive but not overwhelming.
- Wet Season (November to April): The landscape transforms into a lush, green paradise, and birdwatching is at its peak. Some remote parks may be inaccessible due to flooding, but this is also the time to see Victoria Falls at its most powerful.
- Shoulder Seasons: April and November offer a balance between crowds and weather, with good wildlife sightings and fewer tourists.
For most travelers, the dry season from May to October is the optimal window, especially for safaris and outdoor activities.
Getting To and Around
Getting to Zambia
The main gateway to Zambia is Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (LUN) in Lusaka, which receives flights from major African hubs and select international destinations. Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport in Livingstone is another popular entry point, especially for those visiting Victoria Falls. Domestic flights connect Lusaka with other cities and safari destinations, making it easy to reach even remote parks.
Getting Around
Traveling within Zambia is an adventure in itself, with a range of options to suit different budgets and itineraries:
- Domestic Flights: The quickest way to cover long distances, especially when visiting national parks.
- Buses and Minibuses: Affordable and widely available between major towns and cities, though journeys can be long and sometimes crowded.
- Taxis and Car Rentals: Taxis are common in cities, and car rentals offer flexibility for those comfortable with driving on the left and navigating rural roads.
- Safari Transfers: Many lodges and camps provide transfers from airports or towns, often as part of an all-inclusive package.
Accommodation
Zambia’s accommodation landscape is as diverse as its wildlife and landscapes, offering something for every type of traveler. Whether you’re seeking the rustic charm of a bush camp, the comfort of a modern hotel, or the privacy of a self-catering villa, Zambia delivers hospitality with warmth and authenticity.
Accommodation Options
Hotels and Resorts
Major cities like Lusaka, Livingstone, and Ndola are home to a wide range of hotels, from internationally recognized brands to boutique properties. In Lusaka, you’ll find modern riverside hotels with spas, rooftop pools, and gyms, offering serene atmospheres and professional service. Many hotels, such as those near Victoria Falls, combine luxury with breathtaking views and easy access to Zambia’s top attractions. These establishments often include amenities like complimentary breakfast, on-site restaurants, and shuttle services to local sights.
For travelers seeking a more immersive experience, all-inclusive resorts along the Zambezi River or near national parks provide gourmet dining, private pools, and luxury spas. These properties are renowned for their attentive staff, beautiful settings, and a wide array of activities, from guided safaris to river cruises.
Lodges and Bush Camps
Zambia is famous for its safari lodges and bush camps, particularly in and around South Luangwa, Lower Zambezi, and Kafue National Parks. These lodges range from eco-friendly camps with minimal environmental impact to high-end retreats with glass-fronted suites and private plunge pools. Staying at a bush camp is about more than just comfort—it’s about connecting with nature. Many camps offer walking safaris, night drives, and the chance to dine under the stars. The staff are often local experts, sharing their knowledge of the land and wildlife, ensuring a memorable and educational stay.
Guesthouses, B&Bs, and Hostels
For those traveling on a budget or seeking a more social atmosphere, Zambia’s guesthouses and hostels are a great option. In cities like Livingstone, hostels are known for their friendly vibe, clean rooms, and communal areas where travelers can swap stories. Many guesthouses and B&Bs are family-run, providing a personal touch and insights into local life. These accommodations often include breakfast and can help arrange tours or transfers.
Apartments and Vacation Rentals
Self-catering apartments and vacation homes are increasingly popular, especially for families or groups wanting flexibility and privacy. In Lusaka and other urban centers, you’ll find apartments equipped with modern kitchens, Wi-Fi, and private gardens or pools. In more remote areas, unique rentals like lakeside villas or bush homes offer tranquil escapes with all the comforts of home, including backup power and security. These properties are ideal for longer stays or travelers who prefer to set their own schedule.
Housing for Expats and Long-Term Visitors
Expats and long-term visitors often opt for standalone houses or cluster developments in Lusaka’s upmarket neighborhoods. These homes typically come with large gardens, secure perimeters, and access to communal amenities such as swimming pools, gyms, and tennis courts. Furnished and unfurnished options are available, with furnished properties including essentials like beds, sofas, and kitchen appliances. Many expats appreciate the sense of community in these developments, as well as the convenience and security they offer.
Unique Stays
For something truly special, Zambia boasts a selection of unique accommodations—think container homes in the bush with rooftop decks, lakeside retreats with private orchards, or eco-lodges where you can watch wildlife from your veranda. These properties blend comfort, sustainability, and a sense of adventure, perfect for travelers looking to create unforgettable memories.
Booking Tips
- Book well in advance during peak safari season (June–October), especially for popular lodges and camps.
- Consider the location in relation to your planned activities; distances can be significant, and road conditions vary.
- Check whether your accommodation includes meals, transfers, or guided activities.
- For longer stays, negotiate rates or look for serviced apartments with laundry and housekeeping.
Food and Drink
Zambia’s culinary scene is a delightful blend of traditional flavors, international influences, and fresh, local ingredients. Whether dining at a high-end hotel, a bustling market, or a rural village, you’ll discover that food in Zambia is more than sustenance—it’s a celebration of culture and community.
Traditional Zambian Cuisine
At the heart of Zambian food is nshima, a thick maize porridge that accompanies almost every meal. Nshima is typically served with a variety of relishes, known as ndiwo, which can include stewed meats, fish, beans, or leafy greens like rape and chibwabwa (pumpkin leaves). Meals are often communal, eaten with the hands, and reflect the country’s agricultural bounty.
Popular traditional dishes include:
- Ifisashi: A savory stew of groundnuts (peanuts) and greens, often served with nshima.
- Kapenta: Tiny, dried freshwater fish from Lake Tanganyika, usually fried or stewed with tomatoes and onions.
- Chikanda: Sometimes called “African polony,” this delicacy is made from wild orchid tubers and groundnuts, offering a unique, earthy flavor.
- Game meats: In some lodges and restaurants, you may find dishes featuring local game such as impala, kudu, or crocodile, prepared in a variety of ways.
Dining in Cities and Hotels
In Lusaka, Livingstone, and other major towns, the dining scene is vibrant and varied. Upscale hotels and restaurants offer international cuisine—Indian, Chinese, Italian, and continental dishes are widely available. Many hotels pride themselves on their breakfast spreads, featuring fresh fruits, pastries, eggs, and Zambian specialties. All-inclusive lodges often serve multi-course meals, blending local ingredients with global techniques.
For a taste of home, expats and travelers will find familiar favorites like burgers, pizza, and pasta in urban eateries. Vegetarian and vegan options are increasingly available, especially in larger cities.
Street Food and Markets
For adventurous eaters, Zambia’s street food is a must-try. Markets bustle with vendors selling grilled meats (nyama choma), samosas, fried cassava, roasted maize, and sweet treats like vitumbuwa (fried dough balls). These snacks are affordable, flavorful, and offer a window into everyday Zambian life.
Drinks and Beverages
Zambia’s beverage scene is equally diverse. Locally brewed beers such as Mosi and Castle are popular, as are imported brands. In rural areas, you might encounter chibuku, a traditional maize-based beer served in cartons, and munkoyo, a mildly fermented drink made from maize and roots.
Soft drinks and bottled water are widely available. Tea and coffee are commonly served, with Zambian-grown coffee gaining a reputation for its quality. In upscale bars and hotels, you’ll find a good selection of wines and spirits, often imported from South Africa.
Dining Etiquette and Tips
- In traditional settings, meals are often shared from communal plates, and it’s customary to wash your hands before eating.
- Tipping is appreciated in restaurants and for hotel staff, though not obligatory.
- Tap water is not always safe to drink; opt for bottled or filtered water, and be cautious with ice in drinks.
- Dietary restrictions can usually be accommodated with advance notice, especially in hotels and lodges catering to international guests.
Food Experiences Not to Miss
- Enjoy a bush dinner under the stars at a safari lodge, complete with local music and storytelling.
- Visit a local market to sample fresh produce, spices, and handmade snacks.
- Try a cooking class or village visit to learn how to prepare nshima and traditional relishes.
Must-See Attractions
Zambia is a land of dramatic landscapes, pristine wilderness, and vibrant culture. Its natural wonders and national parks have earned it a spot on many “Best Places to Visit” lists for 2025, and for good reason. Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned explorer, Zambia’s must-see attractions promise awe-inspiring experiences and lifelong memories.
Victoria Falls (Mosi-oa-Tunya)
No trip to Zambia is complete without witnessing the raw power and beauty of Victoria Falls. Known locally as “Mosi-oa-Tunya” or “The Smoke That Thunders,” this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the world’s largest and most breathtaking waterfalls. The falls span nearly two kilometers and plunge over 100 meters into the Zambezi Gorge, creating a thunderous roar and a mist that can be seen for miles. Visit during the high-water season (February to July) for the most dramatic views, or in the dry season to access unique vantage points and activities such as swimming in the Devil’s Pool, a natural rock pool perched on the very edge of the falls.
South Luangwa National Park
Renowned as one of Africa’s greatest wildlife sanctuaries, South Luangwa National Park is famous for its high concentrations of game and its pioneering walking safaris. The park is a haven for leopards, lions, elephants, hippos, and over 400 species of birds. Night drives, which are rarely permitted in African parks, offer the chance to spot elusive nocturnal animals and witness the bush come alive after dark.
Lower Zambezi National Park
Nestled along the mighty Zambezi River, this park is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts and adventure seekers. The river attracts herds of elephants, buffalo, and a plethora of birdlife, while the park’s remote setting ensures an exclusive safari experience. Canoe safaris, fishing excursions, and boat cruises offer unique perspectives on the park’s abundant wildlife and stunning scenery.
Kafue National Park
One of the largest national parks in Africa, Kafue is a vast wilderness teeming with diverse habitats and wildlife. From open savannahs to dense woodlands and the meandering Kafue River, the park is home to lions, cheetahs, wild dogs, and the rare sable antelope. Its relative remoteness means you’ll often have the landscape—and the wildlife—all to yourself.
Liuwa Plain National Park
A true hidden gem, Liuwa Plain is famous for its dramatic wildebeest migration, second only to the Serengeti. The park’s vast grasslands come alive with thousands of wildebeest, zebras, and predators, offering a raw and untamed safari experience. Liuwa is also notable for its conservation success stories and its connection to the local Lozi people.
Lake Tanganyika
As the world’s longest freshwater lake, Lake Tanganyika is a destination for those seeking adventure and relaxation. Its crystal-clear waters are perfect for snorkeling, diving, and fishing, while the surrounding landscapes offer hiking and cultural encounters with local communities.
Livingstone
The historic town of Livingstone is the gateway to Victoria Falls and a vibrant hub for culture, history, and adventure. Visit the Livingstone Museum to learn about Zambia’s colonial past and the life of explorer David Livingstone, or explore local markets and art galleries for a taste of contemporary Zambian life.
Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park
Adjacent to Victoria Falls, this compact park is home to Zambia’s only white rhinos, as well as elephants, giraffes, and a variety of antelope. Guided walking safaris offer close encounters with these majestic creatures in a safe and educational setting.
Other Notable Attractions
- Lake Kariba: The world’s largest man-made lake, ideal for houseboat trips, fishing, and birdwatching.
- Lake Mweru: A tranquil spot for off-the-beaten-path exploration and cultural immersion.
- National Museums: The Lusaka National Museum and the Livingstone Museum provide insights into Zambia’s history, art, and ethnography.
- 37D Gallery: A contemporary art space in Lusaka showcasing works by Zambian and international artists.
Must-Do Activities
Zambia is not just a destination to see—it’s a destination to experience. From adrenaline-pumping adventures to serene moments in nature, the country offers a wealth of activities for every traveler.
Walking Safaris
Zambia is the birthplace of the walking safari, and there’s no better way to immerse yourself in the bush. Led by expert guides, walking safaris in parks like South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi allow you to track wildlife on foot, learn about the intricate ecosystems, and feel the pulse of the African wilderness.
Game Drives
Classic game drives, especially at dawn and dusk, offer the chance to see Africa’s iconic animals up close. Night drives are a particular highlight in South Luangwa, where you can spot leopards, hyenas, and other nocturnal creatures.
Canoe Safaris
Paddle quietly along the Zambezi or Kafue Rivers, gliding past pods of hippos, basking crocodiles, and herds of elephants coming to drink. Canoe safaris are both thrilling and peaceful, providing a unique perspective on Zambia’s wildlife and landscapes.
Victoria Falls Adventures
For thrill-seekers, Victoria Falls is an adventure playground. Take a heart-stopping swim in the Devil’s Pool, bungee jump from the Victoria Falls Bridge, or soar above the falls on a helicopter or microlight flight. White-water rafting on the Zambezi River is among the best in the world, with rapids that will test even the most seasoned adventurer.
Boat Cruises and Fishing
Sunset cruises on the Zambezi or Kafue Rivers are a quintessential Zambian experience, offering stunning views, wildlife sightings, and a chance to unwind with a sundowner in hand. Fishing enthusiasts can try their luck with the legendary tiger fish, known for its fierce fight.
Cultural Experiences
Engage with Zambia’s rich cultural heritage by visiting local villages, attending traditional ceremonies like the Kuomboka or Chakwela Makumbi, and exploring vibrant markets. These experiences provide insight into the customs, music, and daily life of Zambia’s diverse communities.
Birdwatching
With over 750 recorded bird species, Zambia is a paradise for birders. From the endemic Chaplin’s barbet to vibrant bee-eaters and majestic fish eagles, the country’s wetlands, forests, and savannahs are alive with color and song.
Photography Safaris
Zambia’s dramatic light, diverse wildlife, and stunning landscapes make it a dream destination for photographers. Many lodges offer specialized photographic safaris, complete with expert guides and custom vehicles.
Relaxation and Wellness
After days of adventure, unwind at a luxury lodge or riverside camp. Enjoy spa treatments, yoga sessions overlooking the bush, or simply soak in the tranquility of Zambia’s untouched wilderness.
Unique Experiences
- Take a night drive to witness the bush’s nocturnal life.
- Sleep under the stars in a bush camp or treehouse.
- Visit the Livingstone Museum for a journey through Zambia’s history.
- Explore the art scene at Lusaka’s 37D Gallery.
Final Thoughts
Zambia is a country that rewards curiosity and adventure. Its must-see attractions and must-do activities offer a blend of natural wonders, wildlife encounters, cultural richness, and adrenaline-fueled fun. Whether you’re marveling at Victoria Falls, tracking lions on foot, or sharing stories with locals, Zambia promises an unforgettable journey into the heart of Africa.
Travel Tips
Zambia is a captivating destination, renowned for its natural wonders, wildlife, and welcoming people. To make the most of your journey, it’s essential to be prepared with practical travel tips. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering safety, local customs, and language basics for your 2025 adventure.
Safety Advice
General Safety
Zambia is considered one of Africa’s safer travel destinations, especially for those on organized tours or safaris. The country’s political climate is stable, and violent crime is rare. However, as with any destination, it’s wise to remain vigilant and take sensible precautions, particularly in urban areas and at night. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in busy places like markets, bus stations, and city centers. Keep your belongings secure, avoid displaying valuables, and use a money belt or zipped bag.
It’s best to avoid walking alone at night in cities such as Lusaka, Livingstone, and Ndola. Opt for registered taxis or ride-hailing services instead of walking after dark. When using ATMs, be cautious of your surroundings and minimize the amount of cash you carry.
Health and Medical Safety
Before traveling, ensure you’re up to date on routine vaccinations and consider additional vaccines such as yellow fever (required if arriving from affected countries), hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and tetanus. Malaria is present throughout Zambia, so taking anti-malarial medication and using insect repellent is essential. Wear long sleeves and pants in the evenings to reduce mosquito bites.
Drink only bottled or filtered water, and avoid ice unless you’re certain of its source. Foodborne illnesses can occur, so eat freshly cooked food and wash your hands frequently. In case of medical emergencies, major cities have good hospitals, but rural areas may have limited facilities. Comprehensive travel insurance is highly recommended.
Road and Transport Safety
Driving in Zambia can be challenging due to varying road conditions, especially during the rainy season (December to April) when roads can become hazardous. Main roads are generally well maintained, but secondary roads may have potholes, poor lighting, and stray animals. Defensive driving is crucial, and it’s best to avoid driving at night. Always keep your vehicle doors locked and windows up, and never leave belongings unattended in your car.
Police checkpoints are common; always carry identification and follow instructions calmly. If you’re stopped for a traffic violation, request a written fine and pay at a police station rather than on the spot. For long journeys, consider hiring a driver or using reputable transfer services.
Wildlife and Safari Safety
Zambia’s national parks are home to incredible wildlife, but safety is paramount. Always follow your guide’s instructions and never approach or feed wild animals. Stay within designated areas and avoid wandering off alone. Do not swim in rivers or lakes unless explicitly told it’s safe, as they may contain crocodiles, hippos, or waterborne diseases.
Emergency Contacts
The emergency number for police, fire, and medical services in Zambia is 999. Save this number and keep a list of important contacts with your travel documents.
Local Customs
Greetings and Social Etiquette
Zambians are known for their warmth and hospitality. Greetings are important—when meeting someone, a handshake and a friendly “How are you?” are customary. In rural areas, a slight bow or nod of respect is appreciated, especially when greeting elders.
Dress modestly, particularly in villages or religious settings. Women should avoid revealing clothing, and men are expected to dress neatly. When visiting someone’s home, it’s polite to bring a small gift, such as fruit or sweets.
Photography
Always ask permission before photographing people, especially in rural communities or at traditional ceremonies. Some government buildings and military sites prohibit photography.
Tipping
Tipping is customary in Zambia, though not obligatory. In restaurants, a 10% tip is appreciated if service is not included. Safari guides and drivers often receive tips at the end of a tour; check with your lodge for guidelines.
Religion and Traditions
Christianity is the predominant religion, but Zambia is home to diverse faiths and traditional beliefs. Respect local customs, especially during religious holidays or ceremonies. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon, particularly in rural areas.
Markets and Bargaining
Markets are lively and colorful, offering everything from fresh produce to crafts. Bargaining is common, but always do so with a smile and good humor. Avoid changing money on the street; use banks or official exchange bureaus.
Environmental Respect
Zambians take pride in their natural heritage. Littering is discouraged, and many parks and lodges promote eco-friendly practices. Support conservation efforts by following park rules and minimizing your environmental impact.
Language Basics
Official Language
English is Zambia’s official language and is widely spoken, especially in cities, hotels, and tourist areas. This makes communication relatively easy for most travelers.
Local Languages
Zambia is a multilingual country with over 70 local languages and dialects. The most widely spoken include Bemba, Nyanja (Chewa), Tonga, and Lozi. Learning a few basic phrases in the local language can go a long way in building rapport and showing respect.
Useful Phrases
- Hello: Muli bwanji? (Nyanja) / Shani? (Bemba)
- How are you?: Muli shani? (Bemba) / Muli bwanji? (Nyanja)
- Thank you: Zikomo (Nyanja) / Natotela (Bemba)
- Please: Chonde (Nyanja) / Nshakabila (Bemba)
- Yes: Inde (Bemba/Nyanja)
- No: Awe (Bemba) / Ayi (Nyanja)
- Goodbye: Bwela bwino (Nyanja) / Shalenipo (Bemba)
Zambians appreciate any effort to speak their language, even if it’s just a greeting or thank you.
Final Tips for a Smooth Journey
Additional Tips for a Smooth Trip
- Electricity: Zambia uses 230V, 50Hz, and the British-style three-pin plug. Bring an adapter if needed.
- Internet and Communication: Major cities have good mobile coverage and internet access. SIM cards are widely available.
- Climate: Pack for the season—light clothing for the hot months, and warmer layers for cool mornings and evenings during the dry season.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Always show respect for local customs, traditions, and elders. If in doubt, ask your guide or host for advice.
- Solo Travel: Zambia is welcoming to solo travelers, but it’s wise to stay in well-populated areas and join group tours for excursions into remote regions.
Final Thoughts
Traveling in Zambia is a rewarding experience, filled with adventure, beauty, and cultural richness. By following safety advice, respecting local customs, and learning a few language basics, you’ll not only stay secure but also connect more deeply with the people and places you encounter. With a spirit of curiosity and respect, your Zambian journey will be both safe and unforgettable.