Syria
Welcome to Syria
Syria, located at the heart of the Middle East on the eastern Mediterranean coast, is a land steeped in history and culture.
It is home to some of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, ancient ruins, vibrant markets, and breathtaking landscapes ranging from Mediterranean coastlines to vast deserts and lush mountains. After enduring years of conflict, Syria is undergoing a remarkable transformation in 2025, with a new government focusing on reconstruction and revitalizing its tourism sector. The lifting of international sanctions and improved security have made Syria more accessible and welcoming to travelers eager to explore its rich heritage and resilient people.
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Experience a Resilient Culture and Warm Hospitality: Syrians are celebrating newfound freedoms following the fall of the Assad regime, and visitors will find a society eager to share its stories, culture, and traditions. The warmth and hospitality of the Syrian people are often described as overwhelming, with locals welcoming travelers with open arms and genuine kindness.
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Discover Unique Historical and Cultural Treasures: Syria offers an extraordinary array of historical sites, including the Old City of Damascus, one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the world, the partially restored city of Aleppo, the legendary Palmyra ruins, and the Crusader castle Krak des Chevaliers. Beyond history, Syria boasts a vibrant culinary scene with rich, flavorful dishes and famous products like Aleppo soap, which has been made for over 800 years.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
As of 2025, Syria has made significant changes to its visa policy to encourage tourism. Visa on arrival is now available, simplifying entry for many travelers. However, it is anticipated that a more formal visa application process will soon be introduced, likely requiring travelers to apply through authorized tour operators. For EU nationals, some tour companies assist with visa documentation, especially when joining organized group tours.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal times to visit Syria are during the spring (March to May) and early autumn (September to November) when the Mediterranean climate is mild and pleasant. Summers can be hot, especially in desert areas, while winters are cooler but still manageable in most regions.
Getting To and Around
Getting to Syria
- By Air: Direct flights to Damascus and Aleppo International Airports are available through several airlines, including Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, and Royal Jordanian Airlines. Travelers should check visa requirements before booking.
- By Land: Syria can be accessed via land borders with Lebanon and Jordan. The Masnaa–Jdeideh crossing with Lebanon operates daily with specific opening hours depending on the vehicle’s nationality. The Naseeb–Jaber border crossing with Jordan is open 24 hours, serving as the main official land entry point.
Getting Around
Travel within Syria is facilitated by a network of roads connecting major cities and tourist sites. Domestic travel can be arranged through local tour operators or by renting vehicles. The western part of Syria, including Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, Hama, Palmyra, and coastal cities like Latakia and Tartous, is considered relatively stable and safe for tourists. Visitors are encouraged to travel with reputable guides or tour companies to ensure safety and a richer experience.
Accommodation
Syria offers a diverse range of accommodations that blend historical charm with modern comfort, catering to different traveler preferences and budgets. Whether you seek a luxurious stay in a boutique hotel, a cozy guesthouse steeped in local culture, or a modern city hotel with upscale amenities, Syria’s hospitality scene is gradually reviving and expanding in 2025.
Accommodation Options
Luxury and Boutique Hotels
In Damascus, the capital city, several boutique hotels stand out for their authentic ambiance and attentive service. For example, Beit Al Wali Hotel is highly praised for its spotless rooms, soothing environment, and warm hospitality. Located centrally, it offers easy access to major tourist attractions and local eateries, making it a favorite among travelers seeking comfort and authenticity. Another gem is Beit Zafran Hotel De Charme, known for its elegant Moroccan-style décor, peaceful courtyard, and excellent breakfast, providing guests with a refined and tranquil experience.
Aleppo, historically one of Syria’s cultural centers, features newly opened luxury hotels such as the Quattro Hotel, which offers modern elegance and top-tier amenities. Other notable options include the Sheraton Aleppo, a contemporary hotel with upscale facilities, and the Riga Palace Hotel, which combines modern comforts with brilliant architectural heritage in the city center.
For those exploring the coastal region, La Mira Resort in Lattakia offers a unique rural tourism experience with all rooms facing the sea, allowing guests to enjoy both poolside relaxation and beach access. In Tartous, the Shahin Tower hotel provides magnificent sea views from one of the tallest hotel towers in the city.
Guesthouses and Traditional Stays
For travelers seeking a more intimate and culturally immersive experience, Damascus and Aleppo offer charming guesthouses like Beit Al Mamluka and Via Recta in Damascus, which provide authentic Damascene hospitality in historic houses. These guesthouses often feature traditional architecture, courtyards, and personalized service, allowing visitors to feel part of the local community.
In smaller towns near historical sites, such as Villa Rosa in Al Mishtaya near Krak des Chevaliers, guests can enjoy a peaceful setting with scenic views of the castle and surrounding greenery, complemented by proximity to local restaurants and bars.
Budget and Mid-Range Options
Syria also has a variety of mid-range hotels and bed-and-breakfasts that offer good value without sacrificing comfort. Many of these establishments include breakfast and are located close to city centers or tourist sites. Options like the Armitage Hotel in Lattakia and Afamia Hotel Resort provide cozy accommodations with friendly service, ideal for travelers on a moderate budget.
Apartment hotels and inns are also available in major cities, offering flexible stays with kitchen facilities and more space, suitable for longer visits or families.
Food and Drink
Syrian cuisine is a vibrant tapestry of flavors, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage and Mediterranean influences. Food is an integral part of Syrian hospitality, and dining experiences here are often communal, warm, and deeply satisfying.
Traditional Syrian Cuisine
Staple dishes include mezze—a variety of small plates such as hummus, baba ghanoush (smoky eggplant dip), tabbouleh (parsley salad), and muhammara (spicy red pepper and walnut dip). These are typically served with fresh flatbreads and are perfect for sharing.
Main courses often feature grilled meats like kebab and shawarma, slow-cooked stews such as yakhni (meat and vegetable stew), and rice dishes like maklouba (an upside-down rice and vegetable dish with meat). Lamb and chicken are commonly used, seasoned with aromatic spices including cumin, coriander, and sumac.
In coastal regions, fresh seafood is abundant, prepared simply to highlight natural flavors. Vegetarian options are plentiful due to the wide use of legumes, grains, and fresh vegetables.
Sweets and Desserts
Syrians have a sweet tooth, and desserts are a highlight of any meal. Favorites include baklava—layers of filo pastry filled with nuts and soaked in syrup, knafeh—a cheese pastry soaked in sweet syrup and topped with pistachios, and ma’amoul—date or nut-filled cookies often enjoyed during festive occasions.
Beverages
Tea and coffee are cultural staples. Syrian tea is often served black or with fresh mint, while Arabic coffee is strong, lightly spiced, and served in small cups. Fresh fruit juices, particularly pomegranate and orange, are popular, especially in warmer months.
Where to Eat
In cities like Damascus and Aleppo, bustling markets and street food stalls offer authentic and affordable meals. For a more refined dining experience, many hotels and boutique restaurants serve traditional dishes with a modern twist, often using locally sourced ingredients.
Visitors are encouraged to try local specialties like Aleppo pepper dishes, renowned for their unique flavor, and to sample Aleppo soap, a traditional olive oil-based product often sold in markets.
Must-See Attractions
Syria is a treasure trove of history, culture, and architectural marvels, making it a captivating destination for travelers eager to explore ancient civilizations and resilient heritage. Despite the challenges of the past decade, many of Syria’s iconic sites have remained accessible or are being carefully restored, inviting visitors to witness their grandeur firsthand.
- Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
One of the oldest and largest mosques in the world, the Umayyad Mosque is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and a spiritual heart of Damascus. Its vast courtyard, intricately decorated prayer hall, and the revered shrine of John the Baptist (Prophet Yahya) make it a must-visit. The mosque’s golden minarets and detailed mosaics reflect centuries of artistic excellence and religious significance. - Palmyra (Tadmor)
Palmyra’s ancient ruins are among Syria’s most famous archaeological sites. Though damaged during recent conflicts, the site still impresses with its monumental colonnades, Roman theaters, and the Temple of Bel. Walking through Palmyra’s vast ruins offers a profound sense of history, revealing the city’s role as a wealthy caravan hub connecting the Roman Empire with the East. - Aleppo Citadel
Dominating the skyline of Aleppo, this massive fortress is one of the oldest and largest castles in the world. The citadel’s imposing walls, towers, and gates tell stories of centuries of battles and resilience. Visitors can explore its courtyards, ancient halls, and enjoy panoramic views of Aleppo’s old city, which itself is a vibrant cultural mosaic. - Krak des Chevaliers
Considered one of the best-preserved medieval castles globally, Krak des Chevaliers is a Crusader fortress perched on a hill near Homs. Its thick walls, strategic towers, and intricate defensive architecture make it a fascinating site for history enthusiasts. The castle’s commanding views and well-preserved interiors allow visitors to imagine medieval life and warfare. - Bosra
This ancient city in southern Syria boasts a remarkably intact Roman theater, larger and better preserved than many in Europe. Bosra’s ruins include Roman baths, temples, and Byzantine churches, offering a rich archaeological experience. The city’s blend of Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic heritage makes it a unique cultural destination. - Old City of Damascus
Beyond the Umayyad Mosque, the Old City is a labyrinth of narrow alleys, bustling souks, and historic buildings. Visitors can wander through markets selling spices, textiles, and traditional crafts, visit historic palaces like Azem Palace, and experience the vibrant street life that has persisted for millennia. - Maaloula and Saidnaya
These mountain towns are famous for their Christian monasteries and churches where Aramaic, the language of Jesus, is still spoken. Maaloula’s cliffside monasteries and Saidnaya’s ancient shrines provide spiritual and cultural insights into Syria’s diverse religious heritage. - Al-Dawayat Cave and Arwad Island
For those interested in natural beauty and adventure, Al-Dawayat Cave offers stunning geological formations, while Arwad Island, Syria’s only inhabited island, presents a peaceful coastal retreat with historical ruins and fishing villages.
- Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
Must-Do Activities
Exploring Syria is not just about sightseeing; it’s about immersing yourself in its rich culture, history, and everyday life. Here are some activities that will enrich your Syrian experience:
- Stroll Through the Souks of Damascus and Aleppo
The traditional markets are sensory feasts where you can haggle for spices, textiles, handcrafted jewelry, and local delicacies. The souks offer a glimpse into centuries-old trading traditions and lively social interactions. - Experience a Traditional Syrian Meal
Join locals for a meal featuring mezze platters with hummus, baba ghanoush, muhammara, and freshly baked flatbreads. Don’t miss tasting kebabs, stuffed vegetables, and desserts like baklava and knafeh. Syrian hospitality often means sharing food and stories, making dining a memorable cultural exchange. - Visit Historical Museums and Palaces
Places like Azem Palace in Damascus showcase Ottoman-era architecture and art. Museums in major cities display artifacts from Syria’s diverse history, including Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic periods. - Tour the Ancient Ruins of Palmyra and Bosra
Explore these archaeological sites with a knowledgeable guide who can bring to life the stories behind the ruins, from Roman grandeur to medieval transformations. - Hike in the Mountains of Maaloula and Saidnaya
Enjoy scenic hikes to ancient monasteries perched on cliffs, offering breathtaking views and spiritual tranquility. These excursions also provide opportunities to meet local communities preserving ancient languages and traditions. - Relax on the Mediterranean Coast
Cities like Latakia and Tartous offer beautiful beaches, fresh seafood, and a chance to unwind by the sea. Coastal resorts and rural tourism spots like La Mira Resort invite visitors to enjoy Syria’s natural beauty. - Attend Cultural Festivals and Events
As Syria rebuilds, cultural festivals celebrating music, dance, and traditional crafts are reemerging. Participating in these events offers insight into the country’s vibrant contemporary culture. - Explore the ‘Dead Cities’
Visit the cluster of abandoned Byzantine-era settlements in northwest Syria, known as the Dead Cities. Their well-preserved ruins provide a fascinating look into rural life centuries ago. - Discover the Beehive Houses at Al Jaboul Lake
These unique mud-brick dome-shaped houses are an architectural curiosity and a testament to traditional Syrian rural life. - Photography and Historical Storytelling
Syria’s landscapes and monuments provide stunning backdrops for photography. Engaging with local guides to learn the stories behind each site adds depth and meaning to your travel experience.
Travel Tips
Traveling to Syria in 2025 offers a unique opportunity to witness a country rich in history and culture, but it also requires careful preparation due to ongoing security challenges and complex local dynamics. Here is a comprehensive guide with essential travel tips focusing on safety advice, local customs, and language basics to help you navigate your trip responsibly and respectfully.
Safety Advice
Security Situation
Syria remains a high-risk destination due to ongoing political instability, armed conflict, and the presence of various armed groups. Many governments strongly advise against all travel to Syria because of the unpredictable security environment, including risks of terrorism, kidnapping, arbitrary detention, and violent clashes. Even areas that appear calm can experience sudden outbreaks of violence, and infrastructure remains damaged in many parts of the country.
Travelers who choose to visit Syria must exercise extreme caution. It is highly recommended to travel only with licensed tour operators who have established security protocols and local knowledge. Avoid independent travel, especially to regions with ongoing conflict or where armed groups operate.
Emergency Contacts
- Fire services: Call 113
- Medical emergencies: Call 110 or go directly to a hospital
- Police: Call 112 or visit the nearest police station
Ensure you have emergency numbers saved and know the location of the nearest medical facilities in the areas you plan to visit.
Travel Precautions
- Avoid traveling at night due to poor road conditions, lack of street lighting, and security risks.
- Use varied and unpredictable routes and schedules to reduce the risk of kidnapping or ambush.
- Stay alert in crowded places such as markets, transportation hubs, and tourist sites, as these can be targets for attacks.
- Do not display signs of wealth, such as expensive jewelry or large amounts of cash.
- Keep your passport, travel documents, and valuables secure at all times.
- Avoid isolated areas and demonstrations, as even peaceful protests can turn violent.
- Follow instructions from local authorities and your tour guides carefully.
- Monitor local news and international advisories regularly for updates on security and safety.
Health and Infrastructure
Healthcare facilities in Syria are limited and unevenly distributed, with many hospitals damaged or lacking supplies. Travelers should carry a comprehensive medical kit and have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation. Water and food safety can be concerns due to infrastructure damage, so drink bottled or purified water and eat freshly cooked food from reputable places.
Power outages are frequent, and telecommunications can be disrupted without notice. Prepare for these inconveniences by carrying portable chargers and offline maps or guides.
Local Customs
Dress Code
Syria is a predominantly Muslim country with conservative social norms, but it is generally more relaxed than some neighboring countries. Visitors should dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. For women, covering shoulders and knees is advisable, and wearing a headscarf may be required in some mosques. Men should avoid shorts and sleeveless tops in public or religious places.
Avoid clothing with offensive or political slogans. When in doubt, follow the lead of locals or ask your guide for advice on appropriate attire.
Social Etiquette
- Greetings often involve a handshake or a slight nod. Among close friends and family, cheek kissing is common.
- Hospitality is a cornerstone of Syrian culture. If invited to a home, it is polite to bring a small gift such as sweets or flowers.
- Removing shoes before entering someone’s home is customary.
- Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon.
- When dining, it is polite to accept at least a small portion of food offered, as refusal may be considered rude.
- Photography of people, especially women, should be done with permission. Avoid photographing military or government buildings, checkpoints, and sensitive sites.
Religious Sensitivities
Syria is home to diverse religious communities, including Sunni and Shia Muslims, Christians, and others. Respect for religious practices and holidays is important. During Ramadan, for example, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours out of respect for those fasting.
Language Basics
Arabic Language
Arabic is the official language of Syria, and while many Syrians speak some English or French, especially in urban areas and among younger generations, learning a few basic Arabic phrases will greatly enhance your experience and interactions.
Common Arabic Phrases:
- Hello: Marhaba (مرحبا)
- Peace be upon you (formal greeting): As-salamu alaykum (السلام عليكم)
- And upon you peace (response): Wa alaykum as-salam (وعليكم السلام)
- Thank you: Shukran (شكراً)
- Please: Min fadlak (to a male), Min fadlik (to a female) (من فضلك)
- Yes: Na’am (نعم)
- No: La (لا)
- Excuse me / Sorry: Afwan (عفواً)
- How much? Kam? (كم؟)
- Where is…? Ayna…? (أين…؟)
- Help! Al-‘awn! (الْعَوْن!)
Communication Tips
- Speak slowly and clearly if you use English; many Syrians appreciate the effort to communicate.
- Use gestures and body language to support your words.
- Carry a phrasebook or translation app for convenience, but be mindful that internet access can be intermittent.
- When negotiating prices in markets, polite bargaining is expected and part of the cultural experience.
Final Thoughts
Traveling to Syria in 2025 demands thorough preparation and respect for local realities. The security situation remains volatile, and travelers must prioritize safety by traveling with licensed operators, avoiding risky areas, and staying informed. Understanding and respecting local customs—such as modest dress, hospitality etiquette, and religious sensitivities—will enrich your experience and foster positive interactions. Learning basic Arabic phrases will help bridge communication gaps and demonstrate respect for Syrian culture.
While the country is slowly reopening to visitors, the challenges are significant. Responsible travel means being cautious, patient, and adaptable, appreciating Syria’s remarkable heritage and resilient people while navigating the complexities of a nation in transition.