Lebanon
Welcome to Lebanon
Afghanistan, a land of rugged mountains, ancient history, and rich cultural heritage, is gradually re-emerging as a destination for adventurous travelers in 2025. Despite decades of conflict, the country offers unique experiences for those willing to explore its breathtaking landscapes, historic sites, and vibrant bazaars. With careful planning and respect for local customs, visitors can discover a side of Afghanistan few outsiders have seen.
Lebanon is a land of contrasts and cultural crossroads, boasting over 6,000 years of history. Its geography ranges from Mediterranean beaches to rugged mountains and fertile valleys. The capital, Beirut, is a lively metropolis blending Middle Eastern charm with European sophistication, featuring historic sites, vibrant nightlife, and a renowned culinary scene. Beyond Beirut, visitors can explore ancient Roman temples in Baalbek, the historic port city of Byblos, the stunning Jeita Grotto caves, and the serene cedar forests that are emblematic of Lebanon’s natural heritage. The country is home to a mosaic of religions and cultures, which is reflected in its diverse architecture, festivals, and cuisine. Lebanese hospitality is legendary, with locals eager to share their rich traditions and flavors, from savory dishes like shawarma and kibbeh to sweet treats like kanafeh and baklava.
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Unparalleled Cultural Heritage: Afghanistan is home to some of the world’s most remarkable historical sites, including the ancient Buddhist statues of Bamyan, the Minaret of Jam, and the stunning mosques of Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif. These sites offer a glimpse into the country’s rich tapestry of civilizations and religious traditions.
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Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
Best Time to Visit
The optimal months to visit Afghanistan are May and September, when the weather is most pleasant. During these months, daytime temperatures range between 22°C and 30°C, with clear skies and ample sunshine, making it ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities. Spring and autumn offer comfortable temperatures across most regions, while summer can be extremely hot, especially in cities like Kandahar and Herat, where temperatures may exceed 40°C. Winter brings snow and freezing temperatures, particularly in mountainous areas like Bamyan and the Wakhan Corridor, which can be beautiful but challenging for travel.
Getting To and Around
International flights to Kabul have resumed, with Turkish Airlines and several UAE-based carriers operating routes into the country. Travelers should book flights well in advance and prepare for possible delays or changes. Once in Afghanistan, domestic travel options include local airlines such as Kam Air and Ariana, though flight schedules can be unreliable and often route through Kabul.
Overland travel is possible via a network of buses, minibuses, and shared taxis connecting major cities and towns. While these options are budget-friendly, they require flexibility and patience due to road conditions and security checkpoints. Hiring local guides or joining organized tours is highly recommended to ensure safety and smooth navigation.
Accommodation
Travelers to Afghanistan in 2025 will find a range of accommodation options, primarily concentrated in major cities such as Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Mazar-i-Sharif. While the hospitality infrastructure is still developing due to the country’s complex recent history, there are comfortable and secure places to stay that cater to different budgets and preferences.
Accommodation Options
In Kabul, budget-friendly hotels are available that provide essential amenities such as clean rooms, heating, and halal breakfast options. These hotels often include facilities like gardens, shared lounges, and in-house restaurants, creating a welcoming atmosphere for travelers. For example, the Khyber Hotel is well-regarded for its comfortable rooms, modest breakfast including coffee (which is somewhat unusual in Afghanistan), good heating, and helpful English-speaking staff. It also offers free WiFi and a secure environment, which is a priority for many visitors. Other hotels in Kabul range from modest guesthouses to more luxurious establishments with amenities like swimming pools and stylish décor, catering to those who prefer more comfort and relaxation during their stay.
Outside Kabul, cities like Kandahar offer notable hotels such as the Royal Afghan Hotel, which boasts high-quality furniture, professional and friendly staff, beautiful gardens, and reliable WiFi. Security is a key concern in Afghanistan, and many hotels maintain armed security at entrances to ensure guest safety, which is reassuring for international visitors.
Guesthouses also provide a more local and intimate experience, often with large, comfortable rooms and private baths. These smaller accommodations tend to be clean, secure, and staffed by friendly locals who can offer insights into Afghan culture and travel tips.
Travelers should book accommodations in advance, especially in peak travel months (May and September), and always confirm security arrangements. Staying in well-reviewed hotels or guesthouses known for their safety and hospitality is advisable. Many hotels include breakfast, often featuring traditional Afghan dishes, which is convenient for travelers starting their day of exploration.
Food and Drink
Afghan cuisine is a rich tapestry reflecting the country’s geographic and cultural diversity, influenced by Persian, Central Asian, and South Asian culinary traditions. The food is halal and centers around meats such as mutton, beef, poultry, and fish, accompanied by rice, Afghan bread (naan), vegetables, and dairy products like yogurt and milk.
The national dish, Kabuli Pulao, is a fragrant rice dish cooked with lamb or beef, raisins, carrots, and nuts. It is a staple at family gatherings and special occasions, embodying the essence of Afghan hospitality and culinary art. Rice dishes are central to most meals, often served with meat stews or kebabs.
Kebabs are among the most popular and widely available foods, usually made from lamb or beef. Afghan kebabs are typically served with naan bread rather than rice and can be seasoned with spices such as sumac or ghora (dried sour grape powder) to enhance flavor. Varieties include lamb chops, ribs, kofta (ground beef meatballs), and chicken kebabs. The eastern Afghan specialty, Chapli Kebab, is a spiced minced beef patty served flat and round, often eaten with naan.
Another beloved dish is Bolani, a stuffed fried flatbread filled with ingredients like potatoes, pumpkin, lentils, or chives. It is commonly served as a side dish or appetizer, often accompanied by a cilantro-based dipping sauce.
Chicken dishes, known locally as murgh-e, are prepared with cream, butter, and curd, offering a rich and creamy flavor profile distinct from neighboring cuisines. These dishes can be found both in restaurants and street stalls.
Vegetarian options include dishes like Boorani Kadoo, where pumpkin or squash is cooked slowly with garlic, coriander, ginger, turmeric, and chili peppers, often served with garlic-spiked yogurt and naan.
Afghan bread, or naan, is a staple that accompanies almost every meal. It is used to scoop up food and soak up sauces, reflecting the communal and hands-on style of eating.
Drinks
Tea, or chai, is the national beverage and is consumed throughout the day. Both green and black teas are popular, often served without sugar but sometimes flavored with cardamom or saffron. Sheer chai (milk tea) is enjoyed mainly in the mornings or on special occasions and resembles Kashmiri chai.
Another traditional drink is Doogh, a refreshing cold yogurt-based beverage mixed with water and mint, sometimes including cucumber. It is especially popular during the hot summer months and is commonly served with meals to aid digestion.
Eating Habits and Dining Culture
Hospitality is a cornerstone of Afghan culture, and sharing food is a significant social ritual. Guests are often offered tea and snacks upon arrival, and meals are occasions for family and community bonding. Eating with the right hand and sharing from communal plates is customary.
In urban centers like Kabul, you will find a mix of traditional Afghan restaurants and some international cuisine, reflecting the city’s cosmopolitan character. Street food stalls offer quick, flavorful options like kebabs and bolani, providing an authentic taste of local flavors.
Visitors should be aware that food hygiene standards can vary, so choosing reputable restaurants or hotels for meals is recommended. Drinking bottled water and avoiding raw vegetables or unpeeled fruits is advisable to prevent illness.
Must-See Attractions
Lebanon is a land of extraordinary contrasts, where ancient history, breathtaking landscapes, and vibrant culture come together to create an unforgettable travel experience. In 2025, this Mediterranean gem beckons travelers to explore its rich heritage and natural wonders. Below is a detailed guide to the must-see attractions and must-do activities that will help you make the most of your trip to Lebanon.
Must-See Attractions in Lebanon
- Temples of Baalbek
One of Lebanon’s most iconic historical sites, the Temples of Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley represent some of the best-preserved Roman ruins outside Italy. This monumental complex features the colossal Temple of Jupiter, with its towering Corinthian columns, the Temple of Bacchus, and the smaller Temple of Venus. The scale and craftsmanship of these temples are awe-inspiring, reflecting a blend of Roman and Eastern architectural traditions. Baalbek is not only a feast for history buffs but also hosts cultural festivals throughout the year, adding to its vibrant atmosphere.
- Jeita Grotto
Just north of Beirut lies the Jeita Grotto, a stunning limestone cave system voted among the New Seven Wonders of Nature. It consists of two levels: the lower cave, accessible by boat through turquoise underground waters, and the upper cave, which visitors explore on foot to marvel at intricate stalactites and stalagmites. The caves’ ethereal lighting and natural formations create a mystical experience, making Jeita Grotto a must-visit natural wonder.
- Byblos (Jbeil)
Byblos is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, with a history stretching back over 7,000 years. Its ancient harbor, Crusader castle, and Phoenician ruins offer a fascinating glimpse into Lebanon’s layered past. The old souks bustle with crafts and street food, while the seaside promenade invites leisurely strolls. Byblos perfectly blends history, culture, and modern seaside charm.
- Pigeon Rocks (Raouche)
Located off the coast of Beirut, the Pigeon Rocks are iconic natural sea formations rising dramatically from the Mediterranean. These majestic limestone cliffs are best viewed at sunset from the Corniche promenade, where locals and tourists gather to enjoy the sea breeze and stunning views.
- The Cedars of God (Bsharri)
The ancient cedar forests of Lebanon are a national symbol and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Cedars of God near Bsharri are among the last remnants of the vast cedar forests that once covered the region. These majestic trees, some thousands of years old, offer serene hiking trails and a connection to Lebanon’s natural and cultural heritage.
- Qadisha Valley
Known as the “Holy Valley,” Qadisha Valley is a UNESCO-listed site famous for its dramatic cliffs, rock-cut monasteries, and spiritual significance. Hiking through this valley reveals ancient monasteries carved into the mountainside, peaceful nature, and breathtaking views. It’s a haven for nature lovers and those seeking a tranquil retreat.
- National Museum of Beirut
For a comprehensive understanding of Lebanon’s history, the National Museum of Beirut houses an extensive collection of artifacts from prehistoric times through the Roman and Byzantine periods. The museum’s exhibits provide valuable context to the country’s rich archaeological heritage.
- Beirut Souks and Zaitunay Bay
Beirut’s revitalized downtown area features the modern Beirut Souks, a shopping and dining district blending traditional Lebanese architecture with contemporary design. Nearby, Zaitunay Bay is a lively marina lined with cafes, restaurants, and bars, perfect for enjoying Lebanese cuisine and nightlife with a waterfront view.
- Tyre Public Beach
Tyre offers one of Lebanon’s best public beaches with soft sand and crystal-clear waters. It’s family-friendly and close to ancient Roman ruins, making it a great spot to combine beach relaxation with cultural exploration.
- Chouf Cedar Reserve and Beiteddine Palace
The Chouf region is renowned for its natural beauty and historic sites. The Chouf Cedar Reserve offers peaceful hiking trails through cedar forests, while the nearby Beiteddine Palace is a masterpiece of Lebanese architecture featuring stunning mosaics and courtyards.
Must-Do Activities
- Explore Ancient Ruins and Archaeological Sites
Visiting Baalbek, Byblos, and Anjar gives travelers a chance to walk through history. Guided tours offer insights into the significance of these sites, from Roman temples to Crusader castles and Umayyad ruins. Don’t miss the chance to see the “Stone of the Pregnant Woman” near Baalbek, one of the largest ancient carved stones in the world.
- Take a Boat Ride and Walk Through Jeita Grotto
Experience the magic of Jeita Grotto by taking a boat ride through the lower cave’s turquoise waters, followed by a walk in the upper cave. The caves’ surreal formations and lighting make this a unique adventure into Lebanon’s natural wonders.
- Hike in Qadisha Valley and the Cedars Forest
For outdoor enthusiasts, hiking in the Qadisha Valley and the Cedars of God offers stunning landscapes, spiritual sites, and fresh mountain air. Trails vary from easy walks to more challenging hikes, suitable for all levels.
- Paraglide from Harissa
For thrill-seekers, paragliding from Harissa, near Jounieh, offers spectacular aerial views of the coastline, mountains, and the iconic statue of Our Lady of Lebanon. It’s an exhilarating way to see Lebanon from a new perspective.
- Enjoy Lebanese Cuisine and Wine Tasting
Lebanon’s culinary scene is vibrant and diverse. Sampling traditional dishes like mezze, kibbeh, and manakish is a must. Visit local wineries in the Bekaa Valley, such as Chateau Rayak, to taste Lebanese wines and arak, the national anise-flavored spirit.
- Stroll Through Beirut’s Souks and Waterfront
Spend an afternoon exploring Beirut’s souks for shopping, dining, and people-watching. Later, unwind at Zaitunay Bay’s marina with its lively cafes and bars, enjoying fresh seafood and local delicacies.
- Relax on Lebanon’s Beaches
From Tyre’s public beach to the more exclusive resorts along the coast, Lebanon offers beautiful Mediterranean beaches. Spend a day swimming, sunbathing, or enjoying water sports.
- Visit Religious and Spiritual Sites
Lebanon’s religious diversity is reflected in its many spiritual landmarks. The Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in Harissa is a pilgrimage site with panoramic views. The Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque in Beirut and Saint Charbel’s tomb near Annaya are also significant cultural and religious destinations.
- Discover Hidden Gems Like the Chouwen Blue Lagoon
A hike to the Chouwen Blue Lagoon in the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve rewards visitors with crystal-clear blue waters and peaceful forest surroundings. It’s a perfect spot for nature lovers seeking tranquility off the beaten path.
- Experience Local Festivals and Nightlife
Lebanon’s cultural calendar is packed with festivals celebrating music, food, and heritage. Beirut offers a dynamic nightlife scene with bars, clubs, and live music venues that showcase the country’s youthful energy and creativity.
Travel Tips
Traveling to Lebanon in 2025 offers an opportunity to explore a land rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. However, to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip, it is essential to be well-prepared with practical travel tips, especially regarding safety, local customs, and language. This detailed guide provides you with the key information you need to navigate Lebanon confidently and respectfully.
Safety Advice
Security Situation and Regional Awareness
Lebanon’s security landscape remains complex and dynamic in 2025. While many areas, especially tourist-friendly zones in Beirut, Mount Lebanon, and parts of the Bekaa Valley, are generally safe for visitors, certain regions require caution or should be avoided altogether. Southern Lebanon near the Israeli border and areas close to the Syrian border remain sensitive due to occasional military activity and unexploded ordnance. It is strongly advised to avoid these border areas and Palestinian refugee camps unless accompanied by trusted local guides.
Demonstrations and protests can erupt suddenly and may turn violent. Avoid all demonstrations, protests, and large gatherings, particularly in Beirut and other major cities. Always monitor local news and follow the advice of local authorities and your accommodation providers.
Transportation Safety
Road travel in Lebanon can be challenging due to aggressive driving, poor adherence to traffic rules, and frequent traffic congestion. Traffic lights may be non-functional, and drivers often use high beams at night, creating hazards. It is recommended to avoid driving at night outside major towns and to consider hiring a car with a driver if you are inexperienced.
Shared taxis (known locally as “service taxis”) and unlicensed taxis pose safety risks, including armed robberies and physical attacks. Only use taxis from recognized companies recommended by your hotel or arranged through reputable sources. Avoid hailing taxis on the street or using unverified ride services.
At checkpoints on major and minor roads, carry your identification and travel documents at all times, as security forces may request to see them.
Crime and Personal Security
Petty crime, including pickpocketing, purse snatching, and theft from luggage, is common, especially in crowded areas such as markets, bus stations, and airports. Violent crime and incidents of shooting have been reported, so maintaining vigilance is crucial.
To protect yourself:
- Keep valuables secure and avoid carrying large sums of cash.
- Use hotel safes for passports and important documents.
- Stay in well-populated, well-lit areas, especially after dark.
- Travel in groups when possible, particularly in less familiar neighborhoods.
Women travelers should exercise the same precautions as men and avoid walking alone at night or in unfamiliar areas.
Health and Emergency Contacts
Lebanon has medical facilities in major cities, but quality varies outside urban centers. Travel insurance covering medical evacuation is highly recommended.
Emergency numbers in Lebanon include:
- Police: 112
- Medical emergencies: 140
- Fire and rescue: 175
Always keep these numbers handy during your trip.
Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance
Landmines and unexploded weapons remain a hazard in certain rural and border areas. Do not stray from well-traveled roads and paths, and avoid abandoned properties. If you plan to explore remote areas, use local guides who are familiar with safe routes.
Local Customs
Hospitality and Social Etiquette
Lebanese people are known for their warmth and hospitality. It is customary to greet people with a handshake or, among close friends and family, kisses on the cheek. When invited to a Lebanese home, it is polite to bring a small gift such as sweets or flowers.
Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or rural areas. Women may prefer to wear clothing that covers shoulders and knees. In urban areas like Beirut, dress codes are more relaxed but still respectful.
Religion and Cultural Sensitivities
Lebanon is a mosaic of religious communities, including Muslims (Sunni and Shia), Christians (Maronite, Orthodox, and others), and Druze. Respect for religious customs and practices is important.
During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, be mindful that many Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours as a sign of respect.
When visiting churches, mosques, or monasteries, dress modestly and follow any rules regarding photography and behavior.
Tipping and Negotiation
Tipping is customary in Lebanon. In restaurants, a tip of 10% to 15% is appreciated if service is not included in the bill. For taxi drivers, rounding up the fare is common practice.
Bargaining is expected in souks (markets) and small shops. Approach negotiations with a friendly attitude and be prepared to walk away if the price does not meet your expectations.
Language Basics
Arabic is the official language of Lebanon, but French and English are widely spoken, especially in urban and tourist areas. Many Lebanese are multilingual, often switching between Arabic, French, and English in daily conversation.
Learning a few basic Arabic phrases can enhance your experience and endear you to locals. Here are some useful expressions:
- Marhaba (مرحبا) – Hello
- Shukran (شكراً) – Thank you
- Afwan (عفواً) – You’re welcome / Excuse me
- Kam al-thaman? (كم الثمن؟) – How much does it cost?
- Naam / La (نعم / لا) – Yes / No
- Min fadlak / Min fadlik (من فضلك) – Please (to a male/female)
- Ma’a salama (مع السلامة) – Goodbye
Using these phrases, even if just to greet or thank someone, is appreciated and shows respect for local culture.
Communication Tips
Mobile phone coverage is generally good in cities and towns. Purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival is recommended for affordable data and calls. Wi-Fi is widely available in hotels, cafes, and restaurants.
Final Thoughts
Practical Tips for a Smooth Trip
- Currency: The Lebanese pound (LBP) is the official currency, but US dollars are widely accepted. It’s useful to carry some cash in both currencies.
- Electricity: Lebanon uses 220V, 50Hz electricity with European-style two-pin plugs. Carry an adapter if your devices use different plugs.
- Water: Tap water is generally not safe to drink. Use bottled water for drinking and brushing teeth.
- Respect for Photography: Always ask permission before photographing people, especially in rural areas or religious sites.
- Internet and Social Media: Lebanon has active social media use. Stay connected but be mindful of sharing sensitive information or locations, especially in regions with security concerns.
Lebanon in 2025 is a destination of immense cultural richness and natural beauty, but it requires travelers to be informed and cautious. Prioritize your safety by avoiding risky areas, using trusted transportation, and staying vigilant in crowded places. Embrace local customs with respect and curiosity, and communicate with kindness using basic Arabic phrases. With these travel tips, you can enjoy Lebanon’s extraordinary heritage and hospitality while navigating the country responsibly and confidently.