Kazakhstan
Welcome to Kazakhstan
Afghanistan, a land of rugged mountains, ancient history, and rich cultural heritage, is gradually re-emerging as a destination for adventurous travelers in 2025. Despite decades of conflict, the country offers unique experiences for those willing to explore its breathtaking landscapes, historic sites, and vibrant bazaars. With careful planning and respect for local customs, visitors can discover a side of Afghanistan few outsiders have seen.
Kazakhstan is a land of contrasts, where modern cities with futuristic architecture coexist with ancient nomadic traditions and untouched natural beauty. The country’s capital, Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana), is known for its bold, modern skyline and innovative urban design, while Almaty, the largest city, offers a cosmopolitan atmosphere set against the backdrop of the majestic Tian Shan Mountains. Beyond the cities, travelers can explore pristine national parks, dramatic canyons, and historic Silk Road sites. With a rich cultural heritage influenced by Turkic, Russian, and nomadic traditions, Kazakhstan is a destination that promises adventure, discovery, and warm hospitality.
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Unparalleled Cultural Heritage: Afghanistan is home to some of the world’s most remarkable historical sites, including the ancient Buddhist statues of Bamyan, the Minaret of Jam, and the stunning mosques of Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif. These sites offer a glimpse into the country’s rich tapestry of civilizations and religious traditions.
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Stunning Natural Landscapes: From the remote Wakhan Corridor in the northeast, ideal for trekking and wildlife spotting, to the dramatic mountain vistas around Bamyan, Afghanistan’s natural beauty is both pristine and awe-inspiring. The country’s varied terrain provides opportunities for hiking, photography, and experiencing traditional rural life.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
For many nationalities, Kazakhstan offers a relatively straightforward visa process. Citizens of numerous countries can enter Kazakhstan visa-free for stays ranging from 15 to 90 days, depending on their nationality. Others may require an e-visa, which can be conveniently applied for online, or a traditional visa obtained from Kazakh embassies. It is advisable to check the latest visa requirements well in advance of travel, as policies can change. Travelers should also ensure their passports are valid for at least six months beyond the planned departure date.
Best Time to Visit
Kazakhstan experiences a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers, so the best time to visit depends on your interests:
- Late spring to early autumn (May to September): This is the most popular period for travel, offering warm weather ideal for hiking, sightseeing, and outdoor activities. Summer months bring lush green landscapes, especially in mountainous regions like the Tian Shan.
- Winter (December to February): While cold, winter can be a magical time for those interested in winter sports or experiencing Kazakhstan’s snowy mountain scenery.
Spring and autumn provide pleasant temperatures and fewer tourists, making these shoulder seasons attractive for travelers seeking a quieter experience.
Getting To and Around
- Getting There: The main international gateways are Almaty International Airport (ALA) and Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (NQZ) in Nur-Sultan. Both airports are well connected to major cities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Almaty is the largest city and a common entry point for tourists, while Nur-Sultan serves as the political and administrative center.
- Getting Around: Due to Kazakhstan’s immense size, domestic flights are the quickest way to cover long distances between cities such as Almaty, Nur-Sultan, Shymkent, and Aktau. The country also has a developing rail network, including the scenic routes through mountainous areas, and long-distance buses connect major towns.
Within cities, taxis and ride-hailing apps are widely available, and public transport options include buses and minibuses. For exploring rural areas and natural parks, renting a car or joining guided tours is recommended, as public transport options can be limited.
Accommodation
Kazakhstan offers a diverse range of accommodation options catering to all budgets and preferences, from luxury hotels in modern cities to unique eco-lodges and glamping near natural wonders.
Accommodation Options
Luxury and Mid-Range Hotels
In major cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, travelers will find numerous high-quality hotels with excellent amenities. For example, the Mercure Almaty City Center is a popular four-star hotel featuring spacious, newly refurbished rooms, a rooftop spa, and stunning mountain views. It offers efficient service and a tasty breakfast buffet, making it ideal for both leisure and business travelers. Rates typically range around one hundred seventy to two hundred dollars per night, often including breakfast. Similarly, in Nur-Sultan, the Radisson Astana Hotel and Sheraton Astana Hotel provide luxurious stays with spa facilities, multiple dining options, and convenient locations near city landmarks.
Budget and Extended-Stay Options
For travelers seeking budget-friendly stays, Kazakhstan has many hostels, capsule hotels, and affordable hotels starting from as low as five dollars per night in some areas. Capsule hotels like CAPS LOCK Future Hotel in Astana and Center Capsule Hotel in Almaty offer compact, modern lodging with essential amenities such as free WiFi, laundry facilities, and 24-hour front desk service. Extended-stay aparthotels like Elite Apart-Hotel in Astana and Chagala Residence in Atyrau provide kitchen facilities, laundry, and comfortable living spaces, perfect for longer visits or business travelers.
Unique and Nature-Focused Accommodations
For those wanting to immerse themselves in Kazakhstan’s natural beauty, especially near attractions like Charyn Canyon, glamping and eco-lodges are excellent choices. Charyn Canyon Glamping Tents and Charyn Glamping Cabins offer luxury tents with comfortable beds, private parking, terraces, and à la carte breakfasts. These accommodations blend comfort with an authentic outdoor experience, allowing visitors to enjoy hiking and photography in a stunning natural setting.
Private Rentals and Chalets
In addition to hotels, private homes and chalets are available, particularly in scenic mountain regions near Almaty. Properties like Mountain View Chalet in the Trans-Ili Alatau boast panoramic mountain views, jacuzzis, fully equipped kitchens, and spacious terraces, accommodating groups and families comfortably. These options are ideal for travelers seeking privacy and a home-away-from-home atmosphere.
Food and Drink
Kazakhstan’s cuisine is a rich reflection of its nomadic heritage and multicultural influences, offering hearty, flavorful dishes that highlight local ingredients and traditional cooking methods.
Traditional Kazakh Cuisine
The cornerstone of Kazakh food is meat, particularly lamb, beef, and horse meat, reflecting the country’s pastoral traditions. One iconic dish is beshbarmak, which means “five fingers” because it is traditionally eaten by hand. It consists of boiled meat served over wide noodles with onions and broth. Another specialty is kazy, a type of horse meat sausage seasoned and smoked, often served during celebrations.
Popular Dishes
- Shashlik: Skewered and grilled meat, similar to kebabs, commonly enjoyed with fresh vegetables and flatbread.
- Kuurdak: Fried meat with onions and potatoes, a rustic and flavorful dish.
- Baursak: Fried dough balls, often served as a snack or dessert, sometimes accompanied by honey or jam.
- Manty: Steamed dumplings filled with minced meat and onions, popular across Central Asia.
Dairy Products
Dairy is also important in Kazakh cuisine, with items like kymyz (fermented mare’s milk) and shubat (fermented camel’s milk) providing unique tastes that are traditional and prized for their health benefits.
Dining Experiences
In cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, you’ll find a growing number of restaurants offering both traditional Kazakh dishes and international cuisine. Many eateries serve fresh, locally sourced ingredients, and some upscale restaurants provide modern takes on classic dishes in elegant settings. Street food vendors and local markets are great places to try quick, authentic snacks like samsa (savory pastries) and fresh fruit.
Beverages
Tea is the most common drink, often served with milk or sugar. For alcoholic beverages, vodka is popular, but Kazakhstan also produces local wines and beers. In rural areas, traditional drinks like kymyz offer a taste of Kazakh culture.
Kazakhstan’s accommodation and culinary offerings provide travelers with a rich palette of experiences—from comfortable urban hotels and unique nature lodgings to hearty, traditional meals and vibrant city dining. Whether you seek modern luxury, rustic charm, or cultural immersion, Kazakhstan’s hospitality and cuisine will enrich your journey through this vast and fascinating country.
Must-See Attractions
Charyn Canyon
Often dubbed the “Grand Canyon’s little brother,” Charyn Canyon is a spectacular natural landmark located about three hours from Almaty. The canyon stretches for nearly 90 kilometers, featuring dramatic rock formations, colorful cliffs, and deep gorges carved by the Charyn River over millions of years. The most famous section, the Valley of Castles, showcases towering spires and rugged landscapes ideal for photography and hiking. The area is also home to unique flora and fauna, making it a great spot for nature lovers.
Almaty
Kazakhstan’s largest city and former capital, Almaty, is a cultural and economic hub nestled at the foothills of the Tian Shan Mountains. The city offers a mix of Soviet-era architecture and modern developments, with leafy parks, bustling bazaars, and lively cafes. Key sights include the Central State Museum, which provides insight into Kazakhstan’s history and culture, and the Zenkov Cathedral, a striking wooden Orthodox church built without nails. Almaty is also the gateway to nearby natural attractions like Big Almaty Lake and Medeu, a famous high-altitude skating rink surrounded by mountains.
Nur-Sultan (Astana)
The futuristic capital city, Nur-Sultan, is a showcase of modern architecture and urban planning. Highlights include the Bayterek Tower, an iconic symbol representing a mythical tree of life, and the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, a pyramid-shaped building hosting cultural events. The city’s skyline features innovative designs by renowned architects, reflecting Kazakhstan’s aspirations as a forward-looking nation. Nur-Sultan also offers museums, theaters, and vibrant dining scenes.
Kolsai Lakes
Known as the “Pearls of the Northern Tien Shan,” the Kolsai Lakes are a series of three alpine lakes surrounded by lush forests and mountain peaks. Located in southeastern Kazakhstan, these lakes are perfect for hiking, horseback riding, and camping. The area’s pristine beauty and tranquil atmosphere attract outdoor enthusiasts seeking to escape the city and immerse themselves in nature.
Turkestan and the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Turkestan is a historic city in southern Kazakhstan, famous for the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage site. This 14th-century mausoleum is an architectural masterpiece of Timurid design, built to honor the influential Sufi poet and mystic Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. The site is a significant pilgrimage destination and offers a glimpse into the spiritual and cultural history of the region.
Altai Mountains
For travelers interested in rugged wilderness, the Altai Mountains in eastern Kazakhstan offer breathtaking landscapes of glaciers, alpine meadows, and crystal-clear rivers. This remote region is ideal for trekking, wildlife watching, and exploring traditional Kazakh villages. The Altai is also part of a larger transboundary conservation area shared with Russia, Mongolia, and China, known for its biodiversity.
Must-Do Activities
Trekking and Hiking
Kazakhstan’s diverse terrain provides countless opportunities for trekking and hiking. Popular routes include trails around the Kolsai and Kaindy Lakes, where you can enjoy serene mountain scenery and spot rare wildlife. The Charyn Canyon also offers various hiking options, from easy walks to more challenging climbs. For experienced hikers, the Tian Shan and Altai mountain ranges present demanding but rewarding adventures with stunning panoramas.Experience Nomadic Culture
Kazakhstan’s nomadic heritage is a vital part of its identity. Visitors can experience this culture firsthand by staying in traditional yurts, portable round tents used by nomads for centuries. Many tour operators offer yurt stays in scenic locations, combined with activities such as horseback riding, falconry demonstrations, and traditional cooking classes. Sampling local dishes like beshbarmak (boiled meat with noodles) and kazy (horse meat sausage) adds to the authentic experience.Explore the Silk Road Legacy
Kazakhstan was a key region along the ancient Silk Road trade routes. Exploring historic towns such as Turkestan and Taraz reveals caravanserais, ancient mosques, and archaeological sites that tell stories of this vibrant trade network. Museums and cultural centers in these cities provide context about the Silk Road’s impact on Kazakhstan’s development.Winter Sports and Skiing
During winter, the mountainous regions around Almaty transform into winter sports destinations. The Shymbulak Ski Resort offers excellent skiing and snowboarding facilities with modern lifts and stunning mountain views. Winter activities also include ice skating at Medeu, one of the highest ice rinks in the world, and snowshoeing through forested trails.Wildlife Watching
Kazakhstan’s vast steppes and protected reserves are home to diverse wildlife species. The Altyn-Emel National Park is famous for its singing dunes and populations of rare animals such as the Przewalski’s horse, a wild horse species once extinct in the wild. Birdwatchers can spot eagles, vultures, and other raptors in the open landscapes. Guided tours offer safe and educational wildlife experiences.City Tours and Modern Attractions
In cities like Nur-Sultan and Almaty, guided tours provide insights into Kazakhstan’s rapid modernization and cultural evolution. Visitors can explore museums, art galleries, and theaters, attend local festivals, and enjoy vibrant nightlife. Architectural tours highlight the contrast between Soviet-era buildings and cutting-edge modern designs, reflecting the country’s dynamic spirit.Horseback Riding and Falconry
Horseback riding is deeply ingrained in Kazakh culture, and many rural areas offer horseback tours through scenic landscapes. Falconry, the ancient art of hunting with trained birds of prey, is also practiced and demonstrated for visitors. Participating in these activities provides a unique connection to Kazakhstan’s traditions and natural environment.Kazakhstan in 2025 is a destination that rewards curiosity and adventure. Its must-see attractions showcase a blend of natural grandeur and cultural richness, while its must-do activities invite travelers to engage actively with the land and its people. Whether trekking through alpine lakes, exploring ancient mausoleums, or experiencing nomadic hospitality, Kazakhstan offers a travel experience that is both authentic and inspiring.
Travel Tips
Kazakhstan is a fascinating and vast country offering travelers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich history, and a vibrant culture. To ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip in 2025, it is essential to be well-prepared with practical travel tips covering safety, local customs, and language basics. Here’s a detailed guide to help you navigate Kazakhstan confidently and respectfully.
Safety Advice
Kazakhstan is generally a safe country to visit, but like any destination, it requires travelers to exercise normal precautions to avoid common risks.
Personal Safety
Violent crime against tourists is relatively rare, but petty theft such as pickpocketing and bag-snatching can occur, especially in crowded places like markets, public transport, and entertainment districts. It is wise to keep valuables out of sight, carry only what you need, and stay vigilant in busy areas. Avoid walking alone at night, particularly in poorly lit or unfamiliar neighborhoods.
Transportation Safety
Public transportation, including buses and trains, is widely used but comes with some safety considerations. Buses in major cities are often overcrowded, and pickpocketing is common, so keep your belongings close and avoid storing bags in overhead compartments or under seats. Minibuses called “Marshrutkas” in rural areas often lack seatbelts and safety features, so it is safer to avoid them.
Taxis are a common way to get around, but it’s important to use only official or app-based taxi services. Unofficial taxis may not have proper safety equipment, can overcharge, or even pose security risks. Always order taxis through your hotel or reliable ride-hailing apps, confirm the fare before starting the trip, and avoid sharing taxis with strangers.
On trains, keep your compartment locked and do not leave your belongings unattended, as thefts have been reported. When traveling overnight, secure your passport and valuables in a safe place.
Scams and Fraud
Be cautious of scams targeting tourists, including internet scams, fake visa websites, and taxi overcharging. Use ATMs inside banks, watch for card skimming devices, and never let your card out of sight when paying. Avoid accepting food or drinks from strangers, especially in nightlife venues, as drink spiking has been reported.
Political Demonstrations and Terrorism
Kazakhstan occasionally experiences political protests, which can sometimes turn violent. It is best to avoid any demonstrations or large gatherings. Terrorist attacks, while not common, cannot be entirely ruled out, so stay informed through local news and government advisories.
Emergency Contacts
Keep these emergency numbers handy:
- National emergency: 112
- Police: 102
- Ambulance: 103
- Fire and rescue: 101
Urban areas generally have quick emergency response times and multilingual operators to assist tourists.
Local Customs
Understanding and respecting local customs will enrich your experience and help you build positive interactions with Kazakh people.
Hospitality and Greetings
Kazakh culture is known for its warmth and hospitality. When meeting someone, a firm handshake with direct eye contact is common among men. Women may greet with a nod or a light handshake, depending on the formality. It is polite to address people by their titles and last names unless invited to use first names.
Dress Code
Kazakhstan is relatively conservative, especially outside major cities. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites or rural areas. In cities, casual western-style clothing is generally acceptable, but avoid overly revealing outfits.
Respect for Traditions
Kazakh society values respect for elders and family. When invited to a local home, it is customary to bring a small gift such as sweets or fruit. Remove your shoes before entering someone’s house. During meals, wait for the host to start eating and try a little of every dish as a sign of appreciation.
Dining Etiquette
Meals are often communal and can be lengthy affairs. Traditional Kazakh dishes like beshbarmak (boiled meat with noodles) are eaten with the hands, but using utensils is also acceptable. It is polite to accept offered food and drink, especially tea, which is a symbol of hospitality.
Public Behavior
Public displays of affection are uncommon and may be frowned upon in conservative areas. Loud or aggressive behavior is discouraged. When taking photographs, always ask permission, especially of people in rural areas or religious sites.
Language Basics
Kazakhstan is a bilingual country with Kazakh and Russian as the official languages. While Kazakh is the state language, Russian remains widely spoken, especially in cities and among older generations.
Common Phrases in Kazakh
- Hello: Salemetsiz be
- Thank you: Rakhmet
- Yes: Iya
- No: Zhok
- Please: Otinim
- Excuse me / Sorry: Keshiriniz
- Goodbye: Sau bolynyz
Common Phrases in Russian
- Hello: Zdravstvuyte
- Thank you: Spasibo
- Yes: Da
- No: Nyet
- Please: Pozhaluysta
- Excuse me / Sorry: Izvinite
- Goodbye: Do svidaniya
Many younger people and those working in tourism speak some English, but it is helpful to learn basic Kazakh or Russian phrases to facilitate communication, especially in rural areas.
Practical Tips for Communication
- Use simple phrases and speak slowly.
- Carry a phrasebook or translation app.
- Non-verbal communication such as smiling and gestures can go a long way.
- When in doubt, a polite greeting in Kazakh or Russian will be appreciated.
Final Thoughts
By following these travel tips, you will enhance your safety and cultural experience in Kazakhstan. The country’s friendly people, rich traditions, and vast landscapes await your respectful and prepared exploration in 2025. Stay alert, be courteous, and enjoy the remarkable journey through this Central Asian gem.