Chad
Welcome to Chad
Welcome to Chad, a land of striking contrasts and untamed adventure at the very heart of Africa. Here, the vast Sahara desert meets the lush Sahel, ancient cultures thrive alongside modern city life, and breathtaking natural wonders await those bold enough to venture off the beaten path. Chad is not a destination for the ordinary traveler—it’s for the explorers, the dreamers, and those who seek the extraordinary in the world’s most remote corners.
Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa, bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, and Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger to the west. Its geography is as diverse as its people: the arid Sahara dominates the north, the Sahelian belt stretches across the center, and fertile savannas unfold in the south. The mighty Lake Chad, once one of Africa’s largest lakes, remains a vital source of life and culture for the region.
The capital, N’Djamena, is a vibrant city where tradition and modernity intermingle. Here, bustling markets, grand mosques, and the Chad National Museum offer a glimpse into the country’s rich history and dynamic present. Beyond the city, Chad’s wilderness beckons with dramatic landscapes, rare wildlife, and ancient mysteries carved in stone.
Why Visit Chad?
1.
Untamed Natural Wonders: Chad is home to some of Africa’s most spectacular and least-visited landscapes. The UNESCO-listed Ennedi Plateau dazzles with its towering sandstone arches, hidden canyons, and ancient rock art. In the remote Tibesti Mountains, volcanic peaks rise above the desert, offering epic trekking and encounters with the Tubu people. Zakouma National Park, a haven for elephants, lions, giraffes, and migratory birds, provides a safari experience like no other—raw, wild, and intimate.
2.
Authentic Cultural Encounters: Chad’s cultural diversity is legendary. Over 200 ethnic groups call this country home, each with their own languages, traditions, and festivals. Attend the vibrant Guerewol Festival, where the Wodaabe people celebrate with elaborate costumes and hypnotic dances. Explore ancient villages, meet nomadic herders, and discover the legacy of the Kanem-Bornu Empire in the ruins of forgotten cities. In Chad, every encounter is genuine, and every story is unique.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
All foreign travelers (except citizens of a handful of neighboring countries) require a visa to enter Chad. To apply, you’ll need:
- A valid passport with at least two blank pages
- Completed visa application forms and a recent passport photo
- An employer’s attestation stating the purpose of your trip and planned dates
- Proof of a round-trip ticket or a valid travel reservation
- An invitation letter from a host or tour operator in Chad
Visa fees vary by duration: a one-month single-entry visa costs around USD 150, while longer multiple-entry visas are more expensive. Processing typically takes about a week, and all documents must be submitted with your passport. It’s essential to prepare all paperwork in advance and allow ample time for processing, as expedited services are generally not available.
Best Time to Visit
Chad’s climate is defined by three main zones: the arid Sahara in the north, the semi-arid Sahel in the center, and the wetter savannas in the south. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from December to April. During these months, the weather is more comfortable, roads are more accessible, and wildlife viewing is at its peak—especially in Zakouma National Park, which reopens its camps and offers unforgettable safari experiences.
For those seeking cooler temperatures, December to February is ideal, while March to May is best for wildlife enthusiasts. The rainy season, from May/June to November, brings lush landscapes to the south but can make travel challenging due to muddy roads and high humidity.
Getting To and Around
Getting to Chad
N’Djamena International Airport is the main gateway to Chad, with flights connecting from major African hubs such as Addis Ababa, Paris, Istanbul, and Casablanca. While direct flights from outside Africa are limited, most travelers transit through neighboring countries.
Upon arrival, airport pickup services are recommended, especially for first-time visitors. Many tour operators offer comprehensive packages that include airport transfers, accommodations, and guided excursions.
Getting Around
Travel within Chad can be challenging but rewarding. The country’s infrastructure is developing, and many roads outside major cities are unpaved. Four-wheel-drive vehicles are essential for exploring remote regions such as the Ennedi Plateau, Tibesti Mountains, and Zakouma National Park.
For shorter distances, taxis and motorcycle taxis are available in N’Djamena and other towns. However, for safety, comfort, and convenience, it’s highly recommended to arrange transportation through a reputable tour operator. Guided tours not only provide local expertise but also ensure access to restricted or hard-to-reach areas.
Independent travel is possible for experienced adventurers, but most visitors opt for organized tours, which can be tailored to your interests—whether you’re seeking wildlife, culture, history, or adventure.
Accommodation
Chad’s accommodation landscape is as varied as its geography. Whether you’re a business traveler seeking comfort in the capital, an adventurer heading to remote national parks, or a budget-conscious backpacker, Chad offers a range of options to suit different needs and expectations.
Hotels in N’Djamena
The capital city, N’Djamena, is the primary hub for international visitors and boasts the country’s most extensive selection of hotels. Here, you’ll find everything from luxury international chains to locally owned boutique hotels and budget lodgings.
- Luxury and Upscale Hotels: For those seeking comfort and amenities, top choices include the Radisson Blu Hotel, known for its spacious rooms with river views, strong internet, and diverse cuisine. The Hilton and Novotel N’Djamena La Tchadienne (now Le Chandienne) also offer high standards, with inviting pools, well-guarded premises, and varied breakfasts. These hotels cater to business travelers and tourists alike, providing reliable services, conference facilities, and airport shuttles.
- Mid-Range and Business Hotels: Options like La Residence Hotel and Hotel L’Amitie are praised for their clean, quiet, and comfortable rooms. Many mid-range hotels offer breakfast, friendly staff, and convenient locations near the city center or airport. Hotel La Tchadienne and Mercure N’Djamena Le Chari are also popular, though facilities may vary—guests have noted occasional issues with hot water or older infrastructure, but generally appreciate the value and service.
- Budget and Specialty Stays: For travelers on a tighter budget, there are smaller hotels and guesthouses such as Hotel Hong Kong, Epsilon Immobilier, and Hotel Chez Wou. These provide basic amenities, safety, and sometimes even 5G internet, making them suitable for longer stays or family travel. Prices can range from $75 per night for simpler accommodations to over $250 for premium rooms, depending on location and season.
Luxury Hotels and Villas
For those venturing beyond N’Djamena, Chad’s wilderness areas offer unique accommodation experiences:
- Zakouma National Park: The renowned Tinga Camp provides comfortable tented accommodation starting from around $155 per person per night. Staying inside the park allows for immersive wildlife experiences and guided safaris, with meals often included. These camps are well-suited for nature lovers and those seeking adventure in one of Africa’s last true wildernesses.
- Ennedi Plateau and Tibesti Mountains: Accommodation in these remote regions is often more rustic. Travelers may stay in basic lodges, guesthouses, or even traditional tents arranged by tour operators. While facilities are simple, the experience of sleeping under the stars in the Sahara or among ancient rock formations is unforgettable.
Booking and Tips
- Advance Reservations: Popular hotels in N’Djamena can fill up quickly, especially during peak travel seasons or major events. It’s advisable to book well in advance.
- Safety and Security: Most reputable hotels have security measures in place, such as guarded entrances and bag checks.
- Amenities: While luxury hotels offer modern comforts, expect more basic amenities in rural areas. Always check if essentials like Wi-Fi, air conditioning, and hot water are available.
- Local Hospitality: Regardless of where you stay, Chadian hospitality shines through. Staff are generally welcoming and eager to help, even if English is not widely spoken.
Food and Drink
Chadian cuisine is a vibrant reflection of the country’s diverse cultures, climates, and histories. Meals are hearty, flavorful, and often communal, with influences from Arab, French, and indigenous African traditions.
Staple Dishes
- Boule: The cornerstone of Chadian cuisine, boule is a thick porridge made from ground millet, sorghum, or maize. It’s typically served with a sauce called moulah, which may include okra, tomatoes, and either fish or meat. Boule is more than just food—it’s a symbol of unity and hospitality, often shared from a communal bowl.
- Rice Dishes: Rice has become increasingly popular, especially in southern regions and during celebrations. It’s prepared in a variety of ways, from simple steamed rice to rice couscous with meat, sweet rice porridge, or even rice pancakes and fritters. At festive occasions, rice often takes center stage, highlighting its cultural importance.
- Daraba: A beloved vegetarian stew, daraba combines okra, tomatoes, squash, and other vegetables. It’s nutritious, flavorful, and showcases the best of local produce.
- Jarret de Boeuf: This slow-cooked beef shank dish is a delicious fusion of French and Chadian flavors. Tender beef is simmered with local spices, vegetables, and sometimes peanut butter, resulting in a rich, aromatic meal often served with rice or boule.
- Brochettes (Chadian Kebabs): A street food favorite, brochettes are skewers of marinated beef or lamb, grilled over open coals and served with flatbread or as part of a larger meal. The marinade, featuring coriander, cumin, chili, oil, and lemon juice, gives these kebabs their distinctive taste and smoky aroma.
- Other Local Specialties: Fou-fou (millet paste with peanut sauce), maffé (peanut stew), makara (okra and nut soup), and fekkoussi (lamb and vegetable stew) are also widely enjoyed.
Street Food and Markets
N’Djamena’s bustling markets are a treasure trove for food lovers. Here, you’ll find vendors selling everything from spicy grilled meats and fried fish to sweet pastries and fresh fruit. Sampling street food is a must for adventurous eaters, offering a true taste of everyday Chadian life.
Drinks
- Traditional Beverages: Tea is a staple, often served strong and sweet in small glasses. “Cochette,” a traditional rice-based drink, is popular at gatherings and celebrations. Local craft beers and palm wine are also enjoyed, especially in southern regions.
- Alcoholic Drinks: While Chad is a predominantly Muslim country and alcohol is not widely consumed in the north, there’s a growing market for premium and craft beverages in urban areas. Local breweries produce lagers and sorghum-based beers, and imported wines and spirits are available at hotels and upscale restaurants.
- Non-Alcoholic Options: Fresh fruit juices, ginger drinks, and hibiscus tea (bissap) are refreshing alternatives, widely available in markets and cafes.
Dining Out
- Restaurants: Upscale hotels in N’Djamena often feature international menus, blending French, Middle Eastern, and African cuisines. Local restaurants serve hearty Chadian fare, with generous portions and a focus on communal dining.
- Etiquette: Meals are often shared, and it’s customary to wash hands before eating. In rural areas, you may dine sitting on mats, using your right hand rather than utensils.
Tips for Enjoying Food and Drink in Chad
- Try Local: Don’t miss the chance to sample traditional dishes and street food. Ask locals for recommendations—they’re usually eager to share their favorites.
- Be Mindful: In rural and Muslim-majority areas, alcohol may not be available, and modest dress is appreciated when dining out.
- Stay Safe: Drink bottled or filtered water, and ensure food is freshly prepared, especially when eating at markets or roadside stalls.
A Taste of Chad
From the communal warmth of boule to the sizzling aroma of street-side brochettes, Chad’s food and drink scene is a journey in itself. Whether you’re feasting in a luxury hotel, picnicking on the savanna, or sharing tea with new friends, every meal is an opportunity to connect—with the land, the people, and the rich tapestry of Chadian culture.
Must-See Attractions
Chad is a land of extraordinary natural beauty and cultural richness, offering travelers a rare glimpse into some of Africa’s most untouched landscapes and vibrant traditions. Here are the top must-see attractions that define the essence of this remarkable country:
- Ennedi Plateau
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Ennedi Plateau is one of Chad’s most spectacular natural wonders. Located in the Sahara Desert, it features breathtaking sandstone formations, natural arches, and deep canyons. The plateau is also famous for its ancient rock art, some dating back thousands of years, depicting human figures, animals, and scenes of daily life. The Guelta d’Archei, a stunning desert waterhole within the plateau, is home to rare desert crocodiles and offers a dramatic panorama of palm-lined pools surrounded by towering cliffs. This remote and mystical landscape is a paradise for hikers, photographers, and history enthusiasts alike.
- Zakouma National Park
Zakouma National Park is one of Africa’s last great wildlife refuges and a beacon of hope for conservation. Situated in southeastern Chad, it spans over 3,000 square kilometers of savanna and woodland. The park is renowned for its thriving elephant population, which has rebounded thanks to dedicated anti-poaching efforts. Visitors can also spot lions, giraffes, buffaloes, and a rich variety of bird species. Safaris here provide an intimate and raw wildlife experience, far from the crowds found in more famous parks. The park’s lodges and camps offer comfortable accommodation, making it an ideal destination for nature lovers and photographers.
- Tibesti Mountains
The Tibesti Mountains in northern Chad are among the most dramatic and least explored mountain ranges in Africa. With peaks soaring over 11,000 feet, including Emi Koussi—the highest desert volcano in the world—this region offers rugged volcanic landscapes, deep canyons, and hot springs. The area is inhabited by the Tubu people, known for their rich cultural traditions and resilience in this harsh environment. Trekking here is challenging but rewarding, providing a unique opportunity to experience one of the Sahara’s last wild frontiers.
- Lake Chad
Once one of Africa’s largest lakes, Lake Chad has shrunk dramatically over recent decades but remains a vital resource for millions of people. The lake’s shores are dotted with fishing villages, wetlands, and migratory bird habitats. Visitors can take boat excursions or kayak on the lake, witnessing firsthand the delicate balance between human life and nature in this fragile ecosystem. Lake Chad’s cultural and environmental significance makes it a poignant stop for travelers interested in ecology and local livelihoods.
- N’Djamena and Cultural Sites
Chad’s capital, N’Djamena, is a bustling city where modern life meets traditional culture. Key sites include the Chad National Museum, which houses artifacts and exhibits on the country’s history and heritage, and the impressive Central Mosque, an architectural and religious landmark. The Grand Marché (market) offers a lively atmosphere for shopping local crafts, textiles, and spices. Strolling along Avenue Charles de Gaulle reveals colonial-era buildings and vibrant street life, providing a window into Chad’s complex past and present.
Must-Do Activities
Exploring Chad is about immersing yourself in its wild landscapes and rich cultural tapestry. Here are some essential activities to include in your itinerary:
- Safari in Zakouma National Park
Embark on a guided safari through Zakouma’s vast wilderness. Game drives at dawn and dusk offer the best chances to see elephants, lions, giraffes, and a variety of antelopes. Birdwatchers will delight in spotting species such as the African fish eagle and the rare Abyssinian ground hornbill. The park’s remote location means encounters with wildlife are often intimate and unspoiled by crowds. Staying overnight in the park’s tented camps enhances the experience, allowing you to hear the sounds of the wild after dark.
- Trekking and Rock Art Exploration in Ennedi Plateau
Spend several days trekking across the Ennedi Plateau’s surreal landscapes. Explore natural arches, climb sandstone cliffs, and visit ancient rock art sites that tell stories of Chad’s prehistoric inhabitants. The Guelta d’Archei is a highlight, where you can observe desert crocodiles and enjoy panoramic views from the canyon rim. This activity requires good physical fitness and a knowledgeable guide, but the rewards are immense for those seeking adventure and cultural discovery.
- Attend the Guerewol Festival
If your visit coincides with the Guerewol Festival, don’t miss this extraordinary cultural event celebrated by the Wodaabe nomads. This traditional courtship ceremony features men adorned in elaborate costumes and face paint competing in dances to impress women. The festival is a vibrant display of music, dance, and social rituals, offering a rare insight into nomadic life and traditions in the Sahel region.
- Explore the Tibesti Mountains
For the adventurous traveler, a trek through the Tibesti Mountains offers unparalleled experiences. Hiking to the summit of Emi Koussi, visiting volcanic craters, and meeting the Tubu people provide a deep connection to one of Africa’s most remote and enigmatic regions. Due to the area’s remoteness and security concerns, these trips require careful planning and local expertise but promise unforgettable landscapes and cultural encounters.
- Visit Local Markets and Cultural Centers in N’Djamena
Spend time wandering the markets of N’Djamena, especially the Grand Marché, to experience daily life and shop for handicrafts, textiles, and spices. Visit the Al-Mouna Cultural Center to learn about Chadian arts, music, and dance. These urban experiences complement the country’s natural wonders and deepen your understanding of its diverse peoples.
- Boat Excursions on Lake Chad
Take a boat trip on Lake Chad to explore its wetlands, observe birdlife, and visit fishing villages. Kayaking is also an option for those seeking a more active experience. These excursions highlight the environmental challenges facing the lake and offer opportunities to engage with local communities who depend on its waters.
Travel Tips
Traveling to Chad in 2025 offers a unique opportunity to explore one of Africa’s most diverse and culturally rich countries. However, to make the most of your trip and ensure a safe, respectful, and enjoyable experience, it is essential to be well-prepared. Here is a detailed guide covering safety advice, local customs, and language basics to help you navigate Chad with confidence and cultural sensitivity.
Safety Advice
- Security Situation
Chad is generally safe for tourists in most parts of the country, especially in the capital N’Djamena and popular tourist destinations like Zakouma National Park and the Ennedi Plateau. However, some border regions, particularly near Libya, Sudan, and the Central African Republic, can be unstable due to ongoing conflicts and banditry. It is crucial to:
- Stay informed about current security developments through official travel advisories.
- Avoid travel to remote or conflict-prone areas unless accompanied by experienced guides or official escorts.
- Register with your embassy or consulate upon arrival.
- Personal Safety
- Use hotel safes for valuables and avoid displaying expensive items such as cameras, jewelry, or large amounts of cash in public.
- Exercise caution when using ATMs; prefer those located inside banks or hotels.
- Avoid walking alone at night, especially in unfamiliar neighborhoods.
- Use reputable transportation services or arrange transfers through your accommodation or tour operator.
- Health Precautions
- Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory for entry into Chad.
- Malaria is prevalent, so take prophylactic medication, use insect repellent, and sleep under mosquito nets.
- Drink only bottled or filtered water, and avoid ice or uncooked foods from street vendors to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.
- Carry a basic medical kit and ensure you have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.
- Road Travel
- Roads outside major cities can be rough, unpaved, and poorly maintained.
- Four-wheel-drive vehicles are recommended for excursions into rural or desert areas.
- Avoid night driving due to poor lighting and the presence of animals or pedestrians on roads.
Local Customs
Understanding and respecting Chad’s cultural norms will enrich your experience and foster goodwill with locals.
- Respect for Elders and Social Hierarchy
Respect for elders is fundamental in Chadian society. Younger people are expected to show deference in speech and behavior. When greeting or addressing elders, use polite language and gestures.
- Greetings and Social Interaction
- Greetings are important and often elaborate. A handshake accompanied by a verbal greeting is common among men. Among close acquaintances, men may also touch forearms or shoulders.
- In Muslim communities, men and women generally do not shake hands with the opposite sex unless initiated by the woman.
- When entering homes or shops, greet everyone present individually as a sign of respect.
- Hospitality
Chadians are known for their warm hospitality. Guests are often welcomed with food and drink, and sharing meals is a symbol of friendship and solidarity.
- It is polite to accept at least a small amount of food or drink offered.
- Meals are often served communally from a large bowl, and eating with the right hand is customary.
- Express gratitude verbally and through gestures to show appreciation.
- Dress Code
- Dress modestly, especially in rural areas and Muslim-majority regions.
- Women should avoid tight or revealing clothing; long skirts or pants and covered shoulders are recommended.
- Men should avoid shorts in conservative areas and opt for long trousers and shirts.
- When visiting mosques or religious sites, cover arms and legs, and women may need to cover their heads.
- Religious and Cultural Sensitivity
- Chad is religiously diverse, with Islam, Christianity, and indigenous beliefs widely practiced.
- Respect religious practices and avoid public displays of affection.
- During Ramadan, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours in Muslim areas.
- Photography of people, especially women, or government buildings should be done only with permission.
- Communication and Gift-Giving
- Politeness and indirect communication are valued. Avoid confrontational or overly direct language.
- Small gifts such as sweets, tea, or handicrafts are appreciated when visiting homes.
- When giving or receiving gifts, use the right hand or both hands as a sign of respect.
Language Basics
Chad is a multilingual country with over 120 languages spoken, but French and Arabic are the official languages and widely used in government, education, and business.
- French
- French is the language of administration and is spoken by educated urban populations.
- Basic French phrases will be very helpful, especially in N’Djamena and tourist areas.
Useful French Phrases:
- Bonjour (Hello / Good morning)
- Merci (Thank you)
- S’il vous plaît (Please)
- Excusez-moi (Excuse me)
- Où sont les toilettes? (Where are the toilets?)
- Combien ça coûte? (How much does it cost?)
- Je ne parle pas bien français (I don’t speak French well)
- Arabic
- Chadian Arabic, a dialect of Arabic, is widely spoken in the north and among Muslim communities.
- Learning simple greetings in Arabic can be appreciated, such as:
- As-salamu alaykum (Peace be upon you)
- Shukran (Thank you)
- La shukran (No, thank you)
- Local Languages
- Sara, Maba, Kanembu, and other indigenous languages are spoken by various ethnic groups.
- While it’s not necessary to learn these, showing interest in local languages and customs can build rapport.
Final Tips for a Smooth Journey
- Currency: The Central African CFA franc (XAF) is the official currency. Cash is king, especially outside major cities. ATMs are limited, so carry sufficient cash.
- Bargaining: Haggling is common in markets and small shops. Approach negotiations with a friendly attitude.
- Time: Chad operates on West Africa Time (WAT), UTC +1.
- Electricity: The standard voltage is 220V, with European-style two-pin plugs.
- Internet and Phone: Internet access is limited and often slow outside urban centers. Purchasing a local SIM card can improve connectivity.
Traveling in Chad requires preparation and cultural awareness, but the rewards are immense. Respecting local customs—such as greetings, dress codes, and hospitality rituals—will open doors to meaningful interactions. Prioritizing safety by staying informed about security and health precautions ensures a smooth journey. Learning basic French and Arabic phrases will greatly enhance communication and show respect for your hosts.
Chad’s rich tapestry of cultures, landscapes, and traditions awaits the curious traveler who approaches with respect, openness, and care. With these travel tips in mind, your 2025 visit to Chad can be a safe, enriching, and unforgettable adventure.