Burkina Faso
Welcome to Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso, a landlocked nation in West Africa, is a destination that rewards the curious and adventurous traveler. While it may not be as well-known as some of its neighbors, Burkina Faso offers a wealth of cultural, historical, and natural attractions that promise an unforgettable journey. From vibrant cities pulsating with music and art to remote villages steeped in tradition, and from dramatic rock formations to sprawling wildlife reserves, this is a country where authenticity and warmth shine through at every turn.
Burkina Faso, Formerly known as Upper Volta, is a country of contrasts and resilience. Its landscape is defined by grassy savannahs in the north, gradually giving way to sparse forests in the south, and dotted with unique geological wonders. The Burkinabé people are renowned for their hospitality, creativity, and pride in their diverse heritage. Despite a history marked by political upheaval and economic challenges, the spirit of the nation is vibrant and optimistic, reflected in its festivals, markets, and everyday life.
Burkina Faso’s two largest cities, Ouagadougou (the capital) and Bobo-Dioulasso, are cultural hubs where music, dance, and craftsmanship thrive. Beyond the urban centers, you’ll find ancient mud-built mosques, sacred lakes, bustling markets, and some of West Africa’s best wildlife viewing opportunities. It’s a destination for those seeking genuine experiences, far from the beaten tourist path.
Why Visit Burkina Faso?
1.
A Cultural Powerhouse: Burkina Faso is celebrated for its dynamic arts scene, particularly music and film. The capital, Ouagadougou, hosts FESPACO, Africa’s largest film festival, and the biennial Semaine Nationale de la Culture in Bobo-Dioulasso draws artists and musicians from across the continent. The country’s traditional villages, colorful festivals, and artisan markets offer a deep dive into West African culture.
2.
Untamed Natural Beauty and Adventure: For nature lovers and adventurers, Burkina Faso is a hidden gem. Explore the dramatic Peaks of Sindou, marvel at the ancient Domes of Fabedougou, or embark on a safari in Nazinga Ranch or W National Park to see elephants, antelope, and a dazzling array of birdlife. Camel safaris in the Sahel and boat trips to hippo-inhabited lakes add to the sense of discovery.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
Travelers to Burkina Faso are required to obtain a visa. The government offers an electronic visa system, which is the equivalent of a traditional visa but does not require a physical stamp or label in your passport. To apply, you must have:
- A passport valid for at least six months beyond your entry date, with at least one blank page
- Proof of sufficient funds for your stay
- Proof of onward or return flights
- Proof of hotel reservation
- A recent passport-sized photograph
- A copy of your passport information page
- A copy of your Yellow Fever vaccination certificate (this is mandatory)
- Any documents required for your next destination
It is recommended to apply for your visa 1–2 months before your planned travel date. You can apply at the nearest Burkina Faso embassy or consulate, or in some cases, obtain a visa on arrival, though advance application is advised for longer stays and peace of mind.
Best Time to Visit
Burkina Faso experiences a tropical climate with a rainy season (June to September) and a dry season (October to May). The best time to visit is during the cooler, dry months from November to February. During this period, temperatures are more comfortable, humidity is lower, and travel is easier as roads are less likely to be affected by rain. This is also a great time for wildlife viewing, as animals gather around water sources.
If you’re interested in cultural events, plan your trip around major festivals such as FESPACO (held every two years in Ouagadougou, usually in February or March) or the Semaine Nationale de la Culture in Bobo-Dioulasso (also biennial, typically in March).
Getting To and Around
Getting To Burkina Faso
Most international travelers arrive via Ouagadougou International Airport, located in the heart of the capital. The airport is served by several African and European airlines, with connections to Paris and major West African cities. Air Burkina, the national carrier, operates regional flights as well.
Getting Around
- By Car: The most flexible way to explore Burkina Faso is by car. You can hire a vehicle with a driver in Ouagadougou, which is advisable due to road conditions and local knowledge. A 4×4 is recommended for venturing off the main routes or into national parks.
- Taxis: Within cities and towns, taxis are plentiful and inexpensive. Always agree on the fare before starting your journey. For short distances, this is the most convenient option.
- Buses and Minibuses: Intercity travel is possible by bus, which is affordable but can be crowded and lacks air conditioning. Minibuses, known as taxi-brousses or bush taxis, are common for shorter routes. While not the most comfortable, they offer a window into local life and are budget-friendly.
- Domestic Flights: There are limited domestic flights, with most travel between regions done by road.
- Mobile Phones and Connectivity: International roaming can be expensive, so consider purchasing a local SIM card or prepaid mobile phone upon arrival for local calls and data
Accommodation
Burkina Faso offers a diverse range of accommodation options to suit every traveler’s needs, from budget-conscious backpackers to those seeking comfort and luxury. Whether you’re staying in the bustling capital of Ouagadougou, the cultural city of Bobo-Dioulasso, or venturing into more remote areas, you’ll find a variety of hotels, guesthouses, apartments, and unique local stays.
Hotels and Guesthouses
In Ouagadougou, the heart of the country’s activity, you’ll find everything from internationally styled hotels to charming local guesthouses. Larger hotels such as the Azalai Hotel Independance offer modern amenities, air-conditioned rooms, and convenient locations near administrative and business centers. For those seeking a more intimate experience, smaller hotels like Hotel de la Liberte provide simple yet comfortable rooms, reliable showers, and climate control—essentials for Burkina Faso’s warm climate.
Bobo-Dioulasso, the country’s second city, boasts accommodations like Hotel L’Auberge du Bobo, which is set in a historic villa and offers a blend of traditional architecture and modern comfort. Other regional towns, such as Banfora and Gaoua, feature hotels like Comoe Hotel and Hala Hotel, respectively, offering air-conditioned rooms and a welcoming atmosphere for travelers exploring the countryside.
Apartments and Villas
For travelers seeking more independence or longer stays, furnished apartments are an excellent choice. In Ouagadougou, options like Apparemment Chic Et Lumineux and Casa Nostra T2 provide fully equipped kitchens, spacious living areas, air conditioning, secure parking, and even amenities such as Wi-Fi and Netflix. These apartments cater to families, groups, or business travelers who prefer a home-away-from-home experience.
Bobo-Dioulasso also offers modern apartments like Appartement Rdc Neuf & Sécurisé and Belleville Residence, which blend local design with contemporary comforts, including high-speed internet and secure environments.
For those wanting a more luxurious or private stay, villas such as ÉMeraude – Deluxe Résidence Ouaga 2000 and La Maison De Vos Attentes in Ouagadougou provide premium bedding, large living spaces, fully equipped kitchens, and extra amenities like fitness centers, swimming pools, and 24-hour security. In Pô, La Villa Kouhizoura offers a spacious garden and even 4×4 vehicle rentals for exploring the surrounding villages.
Budget Accommodation
Travelers on a budget will find plenty of affordable options, especially in major cities. Hotels like Hotel de la Liberte offer basic but comfortable rooms at reasonable rates, often including air conditioning and private bathrooms. Apartments such as Dar Es Salam and Belle Maison En Matériaux Locaux provide cost-effective stays with the added benefit of kitchen facilities, allowing guests to prepare their own meals and save on dining out.
Unique Local Stays
To experience traditional Burkinabé hospitality, consider staying in locally run guesthouses or eco-lodges, particularly in rural areas. These accommodations often feature traditional architecture, home-cooked meals, and opportunities to engage with local communities, offering a deeper cultural experience.
Booking Tips
- Book in advance, especially during major festivals or the dry season when demand is higher.
- Check if your accommodation includes essentials like air conditioning, mosquito nets, and secure parking.
- In more remote regions, amenities may be basic, but the warmth of Burkinabé hospitality more than compensates.
Food and Drink
Burkina Faso’s cuisine is a vibrant reflection of its diverse cultures, climate, and agricultural heritage. Meals are hearty, flavorful, and often communal, with an emphasis on local grains, vegetables, and rich sauces. Whether you’re dining in a city restaurant, sampling street food, or enjoying a home-cooked meal in a village, the country’s food scene promises a memorable culinary adventure.
Traditional Dishes
- Ragout d’igname: A hearty stew featuring yams, meat, and vegetables, slow-cooked to create a rich, comforting dish often served with rice or couscous.
- Babenda: A beloved dish made with leafy greens, fermented beans, and a spicy peanut sauce, sometimes accompanied by fish or meat. Its unique blend of flavors is a staple in many Burkinabé homes.
- Riz Gras: Literally “fat rice,” this is Burkina Faso’s take on West African jollof rice. It’s a fragrant, one-pot meal of rice cooked with tomatoes, onions, vegetables, and chunks of meat or fish.
- Mafé: A savory peanut stew with meat and vegetables, mafé is creamy, nutty, and deeply satisfying, typically served over rice or millet.
- Tô: The country’s staple, tô is a thick, porridge-like dish made from millet, sorghum, or cornmeal. It’s served with a variety of sauces, such as tomato, okra, or peanut, and is eaten by hand, making for a truly authentic experience.
- Yassa Chicken: Marinated in lemon, mustard, and onions, then grilled or stewed, this dish offers a tangy and aromatic taste that’s popular across West Africa.
- Sauce Gombo: An okra-based sauce, often paired with tô or rice, known for its earthy flavor and slightly viscous texture.
- Fufu: A starchy side made from pounded yams or cassava, served with soups or stews.
Desserts and Sweets
- Dégué: A creamy dessert made from millet or couscous mixed with sweetened yogurt, offering a refreshing end to a meal.
- Attieke: Fermented cassava granules, often served with fish and fresh vegetables, provide a tangy and satisfying side or light meal.
Street Food and Snacks
Street food is popular in urban centers, with vendors selling grilled meats (brochettes), fried plantains, spicy kebabs, and samosas. These quick bites are affordable and delicious, though visitors should be mindful of food safety and opt for busy, reputable stalls.
Beverages
- Bissap Juice: Made from hibiscus flowers, this deep red drink is sweet, tart, and incredibly refreshing—perfect for Burkina Faso’s warm climate.
- Tamarind Juice: Tangy and slightly sweet, tamarind juice is another favorite, often served chilled.
- Ginger Juice: Spicy and invigorating, this drink is popular for its bold flavor and purported health benefits.
- Dolo: The local millet beer, brewed in villages and towns, is a must-try for those seeking an authentic taste of Burkinabé tradition. It’s usually served in calabash bowls at informal bars called cabarets.
Dining Out
In Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, you’ll find a range of dining options, from upscale restaurants serving international cuisine to casual maquis (local eateries) specializing in Burkinabé dishes. Meals are often accompanied by live music or a lively atmosphere, especially in the evenings.
Food Safety Tips
- Drink only bottled or filtered water.
- Avoid ice in drinks unless you’re sure it’s made from purified water.
- Choose freshly cooked foods and avoid raw vegetables or unpeeled fruits unless you can wash them yourself.
- When trying street food, opt for stalls with high turnover and visible cleanliness.
Vegetarian and Special Diets
While many traditional dishes include meat or fish, vegetarians can find satisfying options like Babenda (with just greens and peanut sauce), rice dishes, and a variety of bean stews. In cities, international restaurants and supermarkets offer more variety for those with dietary restrictions.
Must-See Attractions
- The Sindou Peaks
Located near Banfora in the southwest, the Sindou Peaks are one of Burkina Faso’s most striking natural landmarks. These dramatic sandstone formations have been shaped over millennia by wind and rain, creating jagged, fortress-like spires that rise sharply against the horizon. The peaks are not only a geological marvel but also steeped in local folklore, offering breathtaking hiking opportunities and panoramic views of the surrounding savannah.
- Reserve de Nazinga
This wildlife reserve in the south is a haven for animal lovers. Known for its large populations of elephants, antelopes, baboons, and warthogs, Nazinga offers a genuine safari experience in a less crowded setting than many African parks. Visitors can enjoy guided game drives and birdwatching, making it a top destination for nature enthusiasts.
- Cascades de Karfiguéla (Banfora Waterfalls)
A series of beautiful waterfalls and natural pools along the Komoé River, the Karfiguéla Falls provide a refreshing escape into nature. The falls are especially spectacular during or just after the rainy season. The surrounding area is perfect for picnics, swimming, and hiking, offering a peaceful contrast to the bustling cities.
- The Royal Court of Tiébélé
Tiébélé is famous for its traditional Gurunsi architecture, with elaborately decorated mud houses painted in symbolic geometric patterns. The royal court is a vibrant cultural site where visitors can admire the artistry and learn about the customs of the local people. The designs on the walls tell stories and reflect centuries of tradition, making it a living museum of Burkina Faso’s heritage.
- The National Museum of Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou)
Located in the capital, this museum offers an insightful overview of the country’s cultural and historical heritage. Exhibits include traditional crafts, musical instruments, and artifacts from various ethnic groups. It is an excellent starting point for understanding Burkina Faso’s diverse culture.
- The Sacred Crocodile Lake of Bazoulé
Near the town of Sabou, this lake is home to a population of sacred crocodiles that are revered and protected by local communities. Visitors can observe these reptiles up close in a unique setting where humans and crocodiles coexist peacefully, a remarkable example of spiritual and ecological harmony.
- The Ruins of Loropéni
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the ancient stone ruins of Loropéni are remnants of a powerful gold-trading empire dating back to at least the 11th century. The site offers a fascinating glimpse into West Africa’s medieval history and the trans-Saharan trade routes that once flourished here.
- Bobo-Dioulasso and the Grand Mosque
Burkina Faso’s second-largest city, Bobo-Dioulasso, is rich in cultural life. The Grand Mosque, built from mud and wood, is a stunning example of Sudano-Sahelian architecture and a symbol of the city’s Islamic heritage. The lively Grand Marché (market) and cultural centers like La Marge offer vibrant experiences of local life.
- Hippo Lake (Mare aux Hippopotames)
Created around a freshwater lake and marshes, Hippo Lake is home to around 100 hippopotamuses and a variety of wetland birds. Visitors can take pirogue boat rides to observe the hippos in their natural habitat, a tranquil and unique wildlife encounter.
- Moro-Naba Ceremony (Ouagadougou)
Every Friday morning, the Moro-Naba ceremony reenacts an ancient power struggle between a king and his son. Taking place at the Moro-Naba Palace in Ouagadougou, this colorful and theatrical event offers a rare window into the country’s royal traditions and is a must-see for culturally curious travelers.
Must-Do Activities
- Hiking and Rock Climbing in the Southwest
The Banfora region, with its escarpments and rock formations like the Sindou Peaks, is ideal for hiking enthusiasts. Trails range from gentle walks to more challenging climbs, all offering spectacular views and opportunities to connect with nature. Mountain biking is also popular in this area for adrenaline seekers.
- Safari and Wildlife Viewing
Beyond Reserve de Nazinga, Burkina Faso boasts several national parks such as Arli and W National Park, where visitors can spot elephants, lions, antelopes, and a rich variety of bird species. Guided safaris provide an immersive experience in the country’s diverse ecosystems.
- Explore Traditional Villages and Cultural Sites
Visiting villages like Tiébélé and Gorom Gorom allows travelers to witness traditional architecture, crafts, and ceremonies firsthand. Engaging with local artisans and participating in cultural festivals enriches the travel experience and supports community tourism.
- Attend FESPACO – Pan-African Film and Television Festival
Held biennially in Ouagadougou, FESPACO is Africa’s largest film festival and a major cultural event. If your visit coincides with the festival, it’s an unparalleled opportunity to experience African cinema, music, and art in a lively, festive atmosphere.
- Visit the International Arts and Crafts Fair
Also held in Ouagadougou every two years, this fair is one of Africa’s premier trade shows for artisans. It’s the perfect place to shop for jewelry, textiles, carvings, and metalwork while mingling with artists and fellow travelers.
- Boat Ride on Lake Tengrela
Near Banfora, Lake Tengrela is known for its peaceful waters and hippos. Taking a pirogue boat trip here offers a relaxing way to observe wildlife and enjoy the scenic surrounding.
- Discover Ouagadougou’s Markets and Urban Life
The Grand Marché and other markets in the capital are bustling centers of commerce and culture. Wander through stalls selling spices, fabrics, crafts, and fresh produce. Nearby, visit the National Museum of Music and the Ethnography Museum for deeper cultural insights.
- Experience the Sacred Crocodile Sanctuary in Sabou
Interact with the sacred crocodiles and learn about the spiritual beliefs that protect these creatures. This experience highlights the close relationship between nature and culture in Burkina Faso.
- Explore the Mud Mosque of Bobo-Dioulasso
Take a guided tour of this architectural marvel, appreciating the craftsmanship and religious significance of the mosque. The surrounding neighborhood is also lively and worth exploring for its markets and cafes.
- Attend the Moro-Naba Ceremony
Witnessing this traditional ceremony in Ouagadougou is a unique cultural experience. Arrive early to see the full spectacle of the emperor’s procession and the reenactment of historical events.
Travel Tips
Traveling to Burkina Faso offers a unique opportunity to experience the rich culture, warm hospitality, and stunning landscapes of this West African country. However, it is essential to approach your trip with careful preparation, especially regarding safety, cultural respect, and effective communication. This guide provides practical travel tips to help you navigate Burkina Faso confidently and respectfully in 2025.
Safety Advice
Current Security Situation
Burkina Faso faces significant security challenges, including terrorism, kidnapping risks, and violent crime, particularly outside the capital, Ouagadougou. Many governments advise against travel to most parts of the country due to these risks. Travelers should stay updated with official travel advisories and avoid regions near the borders with Mali and Niger, as well as the northern Sahel region, which is especially unstable.
Urban Safety
In major cities like Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag-snatching is common, especially in crowded markets and public transport hubs. Violent crime has been reported but is less frequent in urban centers. Avoid walking alone at night, and always keep your belongings secure, preferably in a locked backpack or hotel safe.
Traveling Outside Cities
Traveling after dark or alone in rural or remote areas is strongly discouraged. Road conditions can be poor, and emergency assistance may be limited. If you plan to explore national parks or cultural sites outside the cities, arrange travel with reputable guides or tour operators who understand the local security landscape.
Health Precautions
Yellow Fever vaccination is mandatory for entry into Burkina Faso. Malaria is endemic, so take preventive measures such as using insect repellents, sleeping under mosquito nets, and taking anti-malarial medication. Drink only bottled or purified water, avoid ice unless you are sure it is safe, and eat freshly cooked food to prevent gastrointestinal illnesses.
Local Customs
Greetings and Social Interactions
Burkinabé people place great importance on greetings as a sign of respect and friendliness. Always greet people with a warm “Bonjour” (good morning) or “Bonsoir” (good evening) when entering shops, taxis, or homes, and wait for a response before starting a conversation. A handshake is the common form of greeting for both men and women.
In rural areas and among different ethnic groups, greetings may include inquiries about family and health, reflecting the value placed on community and relationships. Learning a few phrases in local languages such as Moore or Dioula can go a long way in building rapport.
Dress Code
Modesty in dress is highly appreciated, especially in rural and Muslim communities. Women should avoid revealing clothing, covering shoulders and knees to show respect and avoid unwanted attention. Men should also dress conservatively, particularly when visiting religious or traditional sites.
Dining Etiquette
When invited to a local home for a meal, it is customary to bring a small gift as a token of appreciation. Meals are often eaten communally, using the right hand only, as the left hand is considered unclean. Before eating, it is common to wash hands in a shared bowl. Avoid discussing sensitive topics such as politics or religion, which can cause discomfort.
Photography
Always ask permission before photographing people, especially in villages or during ceremonies. Taking pictures of government buildings, military personnel, or security installations is strictly forbidden and can lead to serious consequences.
Respect for Elders and Traditions
Elders are highly respected in Burkinabé society. When interacting with local communities, show deference by listening attentively and following their lead in social situations. Participating in cultural festivals or ceremonies with respect and openness enriches your experience and fosters goodwill.
Social Norms
- Avoid public displays of affection.
- Smoking in public is frowned upon.
- Homosexuality is generally not accepted, so discretion is advised.
- Giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered impolite.
Language Basics
Official and Local Languages
French is the official language and the primary language of government, education, and business. Most urban residents and those working in tourism speak French, making it essential for communication in cities and tourist areas.
Several indigenous languages are widely spoken across the country, including Moore (spoken by the Mossi, the largest ethnic group), Dioula (a trade language), and Bambara. Learning a few words or phrases in these languages is appreciated and helps bridge cultural gaps.
Useful French Phrases
- Bonjour — Hello / Good morning
- Bonsoir — Good evening
- S’il vous plaît — Please
- Merci beaucoup — Thank you very much
- Excusez-moi — Excuse me / Sorry
- Où sont les toilettes? — Where are the toilets?
- Combien ça coûte? — How much does it cost?
- Je ne parle pas bien français — I don’t speak French well
- Parlez-vous anglais? — Do you speak English?
Communication Tips
If you do not speak French, consider downloading translation apps or carrying a phrasebook. In rural areas, English is rarely spoken, so basic French or local language phrases will be invaluable. Politeness and effort to communicate in the local language are warmly received.
Final Tips for a Smooth Journey
Transportation
- Use registered taxis in cities; always agree on the fare before starting your journey.
- For intercity travel, shared minibuses (taxi-brousse) are common but can be crowded and slow.
- Avoid traveling at night due to security risks and poor road conditions.
- Renting bicycles or motorbikes is popular for short distances in urban areas.
- Domestic flights are limited but available between major cities.
Money and Budgeting
The currency is the West African CFA franc (XOF). ATMs are available in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso but scarce in rural areas, so carry sufficient cash when traveling outside cities. Exchange money at official banks or exchange offices to avoid scams. Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated; around 10% in restaurants and for guides is customary.
Health and Hygiene
Carry a basic first aid kit and any personal medications. Use bottled water for drinking and brushing teeth. Avoid raw or unpeeled fruits and vegetables unless you can wash them yourself. Stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun.
Cultural Sensitivity
Respect local customs and traditions at all times. When visiting religious sites, dress appropriately and follow any instructions. Engage with locals respectfully and be open to learning about their way of life.
Traveling in Burkina Faso in 2025 requires heightened awareness of security risks and a respectful approach to local customs. While the country offers rich cultural experiences and warm hospitality, safety precautions should guide your itinerary and daily activities. Mastering basic French phrases and understanding social etiquette will enhance your interactions and help you blend in smoothly.
By staying informed, respecting traditions, and preparing adequately, you can enjoy the vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and genuine warmth of Burkina Faso while minimizing risks and ensuring a rewarding travel experience.