Iraq
Welcome to Iraq
Despite decades of conflict, Iraq is gradually reopening to international travelers, inviting those with a spirit of adventure to explore its unique blend of ancient heritage and modern life. The country’s people are known for their warmth and hospitality, eager to share their culture and stories with visitors. Traveling in Iraq offers a rare opportunity to witness firsthand the resilience and richness of a nation that has played a pivotal role in human history.
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Unparalleled Cultural Heritage: Afghanistan is home to some of the world’s most remarkable historical sites, including the ancient Buddhist statues of Bamyan, the Minaret of Jam, and the stunning mosques of Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif. These sites offer a glimpse into the country’s rich tapestry of civilizations and religious traditions.
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Stunning Natural Landscapes: From the remote Wakhan Corridor in the northeast, ideal for trekking and wildlife spotting, to the dramatic mountain vistas around Bamyan, Afghanistan’s natural beauty is both pristine and awe-inspiring. The country’s varied terrain provides opportunities for hiking, photography, and experiencing traditional rural life.
Planning Your Trip
Visa Information
As of 2025, Iraq has implemented an electronic visa (e-Visa) system for travelers from many countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, European Union members, Canada, Australia, and others. The visa-on-arrival option has been abolished for 37 nationalities since March 1, 2025, requiring travelers to obtain an e-Visa before departure. The e-Visa application is completed online via the official Iraqi government portal, where you upload your passport, a digital photo, and provide travel details. The processing time is typically 24 to 48 hours, and the fee is approximately 165 USD plus a health insurance fee, totaling around 206,000 IQD (about 145 euros or 158 USD).
For travelers from countries not included in the e-Visa program, entry requires prior approval from the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, usually arranged through an authorized tour company, which involves additional fees and a longer processing time of up to four weeks.
Your passport must be valid for at least six months from the date of visa application, and you should ensure compliance with any health-related entry requirements, including registration on the electronic health screening platform if your stay exceeds 15 days.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Iraq is during the cooler months, from October to April, when the weather is mild and comfortable for exploring outdoor sites. Summers can be extremely hot, especially in southern and central Iraq, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F), making travel less pleasant and more challenging.
Visiting during religious festivals or cultural events can provide unique insights into Iraqi society, but it is advisable to check local calendars and security conditions before planning your trip.
Getting To and Around
Arrival: The primary international gateway is Baghdad International Airport, which serves as the main entry point for most travelers. Other airports include Erbil International Airport in the Kurdistan region, where visa-on-arrival options may still be available.
Transportation: Within Iraq, travel options include domestic flights, buses, taxis, and car rentals. Due to security considerations, it is recommended to use reputable transport services and, when possible, arrange travel through local guides or tour operators familiar with the current situation.
Security: While many areas are accessible to tourists, some regions remain sensitive due to ongoing security concerns involving terrorist groups and militia activities. It is crucial to stay informed about the latest travel advisories, avoid high-risk areas, and comply with local regulations, including passing through checkpoints. Travel insurance that covers Iraq is highly recommended.
Traveling to Iraq in 2025 is an opportunity to explore one of the world’s most historically rich and culturally vibrant countries. With proper planning, respect for local customs, and awareness of security conditions, visitors can experience an unforgettable journey through the heart of ancient Mesopotamia and the warmth of Iraqi hospitality.
Accommodation
Iraq offers a variety of accommodation options ranging from luxury hotels to budget-friendly apartments and guesthouses, catering to different traveler needs and preferences. The hospitality sector has been improving steadily, particularly in major cities and the Kurdistan region, where security and infrastructure are more developed.
Accommodation Options
Luxury and Upscale Hotels
In cities like Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Baghdad, and Karbala, you will find several high-end hotels that provide modern amenities, comfort, and excellent service. For example, the Titanic Hotel and Spa in Sulaymaniyah is renowned for its elegant rooms, live music during dinner, spa facilities, and attentive staff. It also offers free private parking and can arrange airport transfers and city tours, making it convenient for travelers seeking both relaxation and exploration. Similarly, the Babylon Rotana Hotel in Baghdad is praised for its classy ambiance, spacious rooms, top-notch gym, and pool facilities, along with diverse dining options and tranquil river views that enhance the guest experience.
Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan region, hosts several well-rated hotels such as the Vote Hotel and Hyksos Hotel, which provide 24-hour front desk service, room service, and wellness amenities like saunas and hot tubs. The Millennium Kurdistan Hotel and Spa is another popular choice, appreciated for its friendly staff and comprehensive facilities including a fitness center and spa services.
Mid-Range and Budget Options
For travelers on a budget or those who prefer a more local experience, Iraq offers numerous mid-range hotels and guesthouses that are clean, comfortable, and conveniently located. The Baron Karbala hotel is noted for its safe environment, comfortable rooms, and excellent food, especially for lovers of Indian and Pakistani cuisine. Many hotels include breakfast in their rates, adding value for guests.
Apartments and serviced flats are increasingly popular, especially in cities like Erbil and Karbala. These accommodations often come with fully equipped kitchens, air conditioning, and Wi-Fi, ideal for longer stays or travelers who prefer self-catering. Options range from cozy studios to large apartments that can accommodate families or groups, some with added amenities like swimming pools, gyms, and gardens. For example, the Relaxing View House apartment in Erbil offers a fully furnished interior with 24/7 security and access to an on-site supermarket, combining convenience with comfort.
Safety and Convenience
Security remains a consideration in Iraq, so many hotels maintain tight security measures, including controlled access and security personnel. It is advisable to book accommodations in well-known hotels or through reputable agencies, especially in Baghdad and other sensitive areas. The Kurdistan region generally offers a safer environment for tourists, with many hotels providing shuttle services and assistance with local transportation.
In Kabul, budget-friendly hotels are available that provide essential amenities such as clean rooms, heating, and halal breakfast options. These hotels often include facilities like gardens, shared lounges, and in-house restaurants, creating a welcoming atmosphere for travelers. For example, the Khyber Hotel is well-regarded for its comfortable rooms, modest breakfast including coffee (which is somewhat unusual in Afghanistan), good heating, and helpful English-speaking staff. It also offers free WiFi and a secure environment, which is a priority for many visitors. Other hotels in Kabul range from modest guesthouses to more luxurious establishments with amenities like swimming pools and stylish décor, catering to those who prefer more comfort and relaxation during their stay.
Outside Kabul, cities like Kandahar offer notable hotels such as the Royal Afghan Hotel, which boasts high-quality furniture, professional and friendly staff, beautiful gardens, and reliable WiFi. Security is a key concern in Afghanistan, and many hotels maintain armed security at entrances to ensure guest safety, which is reassuring for international visitors.
Guesthouses also provide a more local and intimate experience, often with large, comfortable rooms and private baths. These smaller accommodations tend to be clean, secure, and staffed by friendly locals who can offer insights into Afghan culture and travel tips.
Travelers should book accommodations in advance, especially in peak travel months (May and September), and always confirm security arrangements. Staying in well-reviewed hotels or guesthouses known for their safety and hospitality is advisable. Many hotels include breakfast, often featuring traditional Afghan dishes, which is convenient for travelers starting their day of exploration.
Food and Drink
Iraqi cuisine is a rich tapestry of flavors influenced by the country’s diverse ethnic groups and long history. Food is a central part of Iraqi culture, and sharing meals is a common way to express hospitality. Visitors will find a variety of dishes that are hearty, aromatic, and deeply satisfying.
Traditional Iraqi Dishes
Staple foods include rice, lamb, chicken, and a variety of fresh vegetables and herbs. One of the most famous dishes is Masgouf, a grilled fish specialty from the Tigris River, often served with rice and salad. Dolma—vegetables or grape leaves stuffed with rice and meat—is another beloved dish. Kebabs and kofta (spiced meatballs) are widely enjoyed, typically accompanied by flatbreads like samoon or khubz.
Biryani, a fragrant rice dish with spices, meat, and sometimes nuts and raisins, reflects the influence of Indian and Persian cuisines. Tashreeb is a traditional stew served over torn pieces of flatbread, perfect for cooler weather. Iraqi cuisine also features a variety of soups, such as maraq (meat broth with vegetables), which are hearty and flavorful.
Street Food and Markets
Street food is vibrant and accessible, with vendors selling fresh falafel, sambusas (savory pastries), and shawarma. Markets and bazaars are ideal places to sample local snacks and sweets, including baklava, knafeh, and halva. Fresh fruits, nuts, and dates are abundant and often offered as a gesture of hospitality.
Beverages
Tea is the national drink and is consumed throughout the day. Iraqi tea is typically strong and served with sugar or sometimes with fresh mint. Coffee lovers will enjoy the traditional Arabic coffee, which is lightly roasted and spiced with cardamom. Fresh fruit juices, especially pomegranate and orange, are popular and refreshing in the hot climate.
Alcohol is generally not widely available due to religious and cultural norms, but some hotels and private clubs in more liberal areas may serve it.
Dining Experience
Many hotels and restaurants in major cities offer a mix of traditional Iraqi cuisine and international dishes. Dining venues range from upscale restaurants with elegant settings to casual eateries and family-run establishments. Meals are often enjoyed communally, with shared platters and a variety of side dishes.
Hospitality is a hallmark of Iraqi dining culture—guests are often invited to try multiple dishes and enjoy extended meals filled with conversation and warmth. Sampling the local cuisine is an essential part of the Iraqi travel experience, offering insight into the country’s heritage and social fabric.
Must-See Attractions
Iraq is a land of profound historical significance and cultural depth, offering travelers a chance to explore some of the world’s oldest civilizations alongside vibrant religious and modern sites. Here are the top must-see attractions for your 2025 visit:
- Erbil Citadel
One of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements on Earth, the Erbil Citadel is a remarkable ancient fortress located in the heart of Iraqi Kurdistan. This massive citadel, with its 30-meter high walls and an area spanning over 110,000 square meters, has been home to civilizations for more than 6,000 years. Visitors can wander through its narrow alleys lined with historic dwellings, admire intricate decorations, and visit museums and cultural centers housed within. The citadel offers a unique glimpse into the layers of history from Assyrian to Ottoman times, making it an essential stop for history enthusiasts.
- The Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain, Karbala
This sacred site is one of the most important pilgrimage destinations for Shia Muslims worldwide. The shrine of Imam Hussain, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is renowned for its stunning golden dome and intricate tile work. Visiting Karbala allows travelers to experience deep spirituality and witness the devotion of millions, especially during religious events. The atmosphere here is profound, offering a unique cultural and religious insight into Iraq’s identity.
- Babylon
The ancient city of Babylon, once the capital of the Babylonian Empire, is famous for its legendary Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate, a magnificent blue-tiled entrance adorned with images of dragons and bulls. Although much of the original city lies in ruins, ongoing restoration efforts have preserved key features, allowing visitors to walk through the remnants of this once-glorious metropolis. Babylon’s archaeological significance and mythic status make it a must-visit for anyone intrigued by ancient history.
- The Iraq Museum, Baghdad
Housing one of the world’s most important collections of Mesopotamian artifacts, the Iraq Museum is a treasure trove of ancient history. Visitors can see relics dating back thousands of years, including statues, cuneiform tablets, and jewelry from Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilizations. The museum is a testament to Iraq’s rich cultural heritage and resilience, having survived looting and conflict.
- Great Mosque of Samarra and the Malwiya Minaret
The Great Mosque of Samarra is famous for its unique spiral minaret, the Malwiya Tower, which rises 52 meters high and features a spiral ramp that visitors can climb for panoramic views. Built in the 9th century, this mosque is an architectural marvel and a symbol of Iraq’s Islamic heritage. The site offers a fascinating look into Abbasid-era architecture and history.
- Imam Ali Holy Shrine, Najaf
Another significant religious site, the Imam Ali Shrine is the burial place of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. The shrine’s golden dome and exquisite tile work attract millions of pilgrims annually. Visitors can experience the spiritual ambiance and explore the surrounding old city, which is rich in history and culture.
- Ruins of Hatra and Nineveh
For those interested in ancient Assyrian and Parthian history, the ruins of Hatra and Nineveh are fascinating. Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, features well-preserved city walls and temples dating back to the 2nd century BC. Nineveh, once the capital of the Assyrian Empire, offers archaeological sites with palaces, walls, and ancient artifacts that tell stories of one of the greatest empires of the ancient world.
- Ziggurat of Ur
Located near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Ur is a massive step pyramid dedicated to the moon god Nanna. Built around 2100 BC, it is one of the best-preserved ziggurats and provides insight into Sumerian religious architecture. The site’s grandeur and historical importance make it a compelling visit for archaeology lovers.
- Sami Abdulrahman Park, Erbil
For a break from historical sites, Sami Abdulrahman Park in Erbil is a beautiful urban park perfect for relaxation and recreation. It features green spaces, walking paths, lakes, and playgrounds, offering a pleasant environment for families and visitors to unwind.
Must-Do Activities
Exploring Iraq is not only about visiting historical sites but also about engaging in cultural, spiritual, and adventurous activities that bring the country’s vibrant life to the forefront.
- Explore the Ancient Streets of Erbil Citadel
Take a guided walking tour through the citadel’s labyrinthine streets. Engage with local artisans, visit museums and cultural centers, and enjoy panoramic views from the citadel walls. This immersive experience connects you with millennia of history and the living culture of Iraqi Kurdistan.
- Participate in a Pilgrimage Experience in Karbala or Najaf
Whether you are religious or culturally curious, visiting the shrines of Imam Hussain in Karbala or Imam Ali in Najaf offers a profound experience. Witness the rituals, the crowds of pilgrims, and the spiritual atmosphere that define these cities. You can also explore the local bazaars and sample traditional Iraqi foods nearby.
- Visit the Iraq Museum and Learn About Mesopotamian Civilization
Spend a few hours at the Iraq Museum in Baghdad to see artifacts that narrate the story of human civilization’s beginnings. Many exhibits include ancient tablets, statues, and jewelry that highlight Iraq’s role as the cradle of civilization.
- Climb the Malwiya Minaret in Samarra
For a unique adventure, climb the spiral ramp of the Malwiya Minaret. The climb offers spectacular views of the surrounding desert and the city of Samarra. It’s a rare opportunity to connect physically and visually with Iraq’s Abbasid heritage.
- Discover the Ruins of Babylon and Take a Historical Walk
Walk through the ruins of Babylon, imagining the grandeur of the ancient city. Visit the reconstructed Ishtar Gate and the remains of the Hanging Gardens. Local guides can enrich your experience with stories of ancient kings and myths.
- Experience Traditional Iraqi Cuisine
Enjoy authentic Iraqi dishes such as Masgouf (grilled fish), Biryani, Kebabs, and Dolma in local restaurants or markets. Food is an essential part of the Iraqi experience, and sharing meals with locals offers insight into their hospitality and culture.
- Shop at the Usa Bazaar in Baghdad
For a cultural shopping experience, visit the Usa Bazaar, known for its curated array of traditional crafts, clothing, and wellness products. It’s a great place to pick up souvenirs and interact with local artisans.
- Visit the Ziggurat of Ur at Sunset
Plan a visit to the Ziggurat of Ur in the late afternoon to enjoy the golden hues of sunset illuminating this ancient structure. The site’s atmosphere at dusk is magical and offers excellent photo opportunities.
- Relax at Sami Abdulrahman Park
Spend some leisure time in this expansive park in Erbil, enjoying its lakes, gardens, and walking trails. It’s ideal for families and travelers looking to unwind in a green urban space.
- Explore Ancient Monasteries and Cave Sites
For those interested in religious history and archaeology, visiting the Monasteries of Mar Mattai and Rabbana Hormizda, as well as Shanidar Cave, offers a glimpse into early Christian history and prehistoric human life in the region.
Travel Tips
Traveling to Iraq in 2025 offers a unique opportunity to explore one of the world’s oldest civilizations and vibrant cultures. However, it is essential to approach your trip with thorough preparation, especially regarding safety, cultural understanding, and communication. This guide provides detailed, practical advice to help you navigate Iraq respectfully and securely.
Safety Advice
Iraq remains a complex and volatile destination in 2025. Many governments, including those of the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, continue to advise against non-essential travel to most parts of Iraq due to ongoing risks such as terrorism, armed conflict, kidnapping, and violent crime. Even the Kurdistan Region, often considered safer, is subject to travel restrictions and advisories.
Key Safety Considerations:
- Stay Informed: Before and during your trip, monitor official travel advisories and local news to stay updated on security developments. Situations can change rapidly, with demonstrations, clashes, or attacks occurring unexpectedly.
- Avoid High-Risk Areas: Many provinces and border regions remain dangerous, including parts of Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, and areas near the borders with Syria, Iran, and Turkey. Cities such as Baghdad, Mosul, and Kirkuk have experienced instability. The Kurdistan Region is generally safer but still requires caution, especially near border zones.
- Use Trusted Transportation: Public transportation is not recommended. Instead, arrange private, pre-booked vehicles or use trusted taxi services. Avoid traveling alone, especially at night, and plan your routes carefully to avoid checkpoints or suspicious areas.
- Accommodation Security: Choose secure, well-reviewed hotels or guesthouses that provide controlled access and security personnel. Avoid staying in isolated or poorly secured accommodations.
- Register with Your Embassy: Enroll in your country’s traveler registration program (such as the US Smart Traveler Enrollment Program) so your embassy can assist you in emergencies.
- Travel Insurance: Obtain comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, evacuation, and trip cancellations. Verify that your policy covers travel to high-risk areas.
- Maintain a Low Profile: Avoid displaying expensive items like jewelry, cameras, or electronics. Dress modestly and respectfully to blend in and reduce unwanted attention.
- Avoid Political Discussions: Do not engage in conversations about local politics or religion, as these topics can be sensitive and provoke conflict.
- Emergency Contacts: Keep a list of emergency numbers, including your embassy, local police, and medical facilities.
Local Customs
Understanding and respecting Iraqi customs is vital to having a positive experience and ensuring your safety.
Dress Code:
Iraq is a conservative society, and modest dress is expected, especially in religious or rural areas. For women, this means wearing long skirts or trousers, long-sleeved tops, and carrying a scarf to cover the head when visiting mosques or shrines. Men should avoid shorts and sleeveless shirts in public.
Greetings and Social Etiquette:
Greetings are warm and often involve handshakes, sometimes with a slight bow or placing the hand on the heart. It is polite to greet elders first and use formal titles when addressing strangers.
Hospitality:
Iraqis are known for their hospitality. If invited to a home, it is customary to bring a small gift such as sweets or flowers. Remove your shoes before entering. Accept offers of tea or food as a sign of respect.
Religious Sensitivity:
Iraq is home to diverse religious communities, including Shia and Sunni Muslims, Christians, Yazidis, and others. Respect religious practices and avoid visiting sensitive sites during prayer times unless invited. During Ramadan, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours.
Photography:
Always ask permission before photographing people, especially women and religious sites. Avoid taking pictures of military or government buildings.
Gender Interaction:
Public displays of affection are frowned upon. Interactions between unrelated men and women should be respectful and reserved. Women travelers may experience some verbal harassment; traveling with a companion can help.
Tipping:
Tipping is appreciated but not obligatory. In restaurants, 10% is customary if service is not included.
Language Basics
Arabic is the official language of Iraq, with Kurdish widely spoken in the Kurdistan Region. English is not commonly spoken outside major hotels or tourist areas, so learning some key phrases will greatly enhance your experience and safety.
Basic Arabic Phrases:
- Hello: As-salamu alaykum (Peace be upon you)
- Goodbye: Ma’a as-salama (Go with peace)
- Please: Min fadlak (to a male), Min fadlik (to a female)
- Thank you: Shukran
- Yes: Na’am
- No: La
- Excuse me / Sorry: Afwan
- How much?: Kam thaman?
- Where is…?: Ayna…?
- Help!: Al-‘awn!
- I don’t understand: Ana la afham
- Do you speak English?: Hal tatakallam al-ingliziyya?
Kurdish Phrases (Sorani dialect):
- Hello: Slaw
- Thank you: Supas
- Yes: Bale
- No: Na
- Please: Tekle
- Goodbye: Bi xatirê te
Learning these phrases shows respect and can help in everyday interactions, from ordering food to asking for directions.
Final Thoughts
Additional Practical Tips
- Cash and Currency: The Iraqi dinar (IQD) is the local currency. Credit cards are rarely accepted outside major hotels and international chains, so carry sufficient cash. ATMs are available in larger cities but may not always be reliable.
- Health Precautions: Drink bottled water and avoid raw or street food if you have a sensitive stomach. Carry basic medications and a first aid kit.
- Communication: SIM cards are available but check coverage and signal strength, especially outside major cities.
- Respect Local Laws: Drug possession, alcohol consumption (outside licensed venues), and certain behaviors can lead to severe penalties.
- Cultural Events: If attending religious or cultural festivals, follow local protocols and dress codes carefully.
Traveling to Iraq in 2025 requires careful planning and respect for local customs amid ongoing security challenges. Prioritize your safety by staying informed, avoiding high-risk areas, and using trusted services. Embrace the rich culture by dressing modestly, learning basic Arabic phrases, and respecting religious traditions. By combining vigilance with cultural sensitivity, you can experience the profound history and warmth of Iraq while minimizing risks.
Traveling to Afghanistan in 2025 requires thorough preparation, cultural respect, and vigilance. Prioritize safety by traveling with local guides, staying informed, and avoiding risky areas. Dress conservatively, respect religious and social customs, and be mindful of local etiquette. Basic knowledge of Dari or Pashto will enrich your interactions and help you navigate daily life more smoothly. With these travel tips, your journey to Afghanistan can be a safe, respectful, and deeply rewarding adventure into one of the world’s most fascinating and resilient cultures.